Self-targeted food subsidies and voice: Evidence from the Philippines

This paper studies the targeting outcomes of a self-targeted rice subsidy program in the Philippines. We find modest within-community targeting outcomes, but weak between-community targeting. This appears to be because, controlling for the direct influence of household characteristics, participation was lower in poorer communities. These inter-community differentials are strongly correlated with several proxies for citizen “voice”, including education, income, and access to other public services. This suggests that self-targeting outcomes are not simply a function of the good selected for subsidy, but are also influenced by variations in communities’ access to usable services; that these variations favor richer communities; and that efforts to enhance consumer voice in disenfranchised communities would facilitate targeting improvements.     

Evolution and determinants of digital divide in Brazil (2005–2013)

During the last decades, the widespread growth of information and communication technologies (ICT) has posed incentives to broaden the participation of individuals in social, political and economic dimensions of life. However, utilization of ICT also involves access to technology and infrastructure, and acquisition of skills to deal with innovations and, thus, digital literacy is, primarily, a complementary good. The digital divide expresses inequalities in access and utilization of ICT among individuals and populations in different countries. The study adopts inequalities indexes of Internet access and mobile phone ownership to measure use of ICT goods, accounting for the digital divide in Brazil. The inequality indexes are also split according to main determinants using four nationally representative survey data from 2005 to 2013. Results indicate that the digital divide among individuals is decreasing quite fast among Brazilians over time. However, there is room for policies of mass access to ICT goods based on mobile Internet broadband access. In addition, digital illiteracy, evaluated by lack of education, is one of the main determinants of the digital divide in the country, especially among elderly individuals.     

论矿业权无形资产评估的可行性

论证矿业权制度的设立、矿业权流转及矿业权价值评估的必要性，这仅仅是问题的一方面。另一方面还应揭示出矿业权价值来源于何处，需找到价值补偿的源泉。本文论述矿山地租的形成、表现形式，它与超客利润的联系以及矿产资源开采收益、矿业权使用费和矿业权价值上的具体体现。     

Assessing the welfare effects of congestion charges in a real world setting

The standard textbook analysis shows that drivers as a group lose from congestion charges. However, it omits taste heterogeneity, shorter travel times far out in the larger network arising from less blocking back of upstream links and the possibility for drivers to reschedule. Taking account of these factors, using a dynamic scheduling model with heterogeneous users we find that all three add significantly to the benefit of the Stockholm congestion charges and that drivers as a group benefit from these charges even without recycling of revenues. This paper also provides an update on the consumer benefits of the Stockholm charges.     

Cost savings from trajectory deviations in the European air space

Air transport deregulation has lead to an increase of air traffic, together with a reduction of air fares. Air fare reduction has narrowed operational margins of airlines, bringing financial and employment instability. This has brought airlines to pay increasing attention to flying costs reduction. Two important components of flying costs airlines can try to cut modifying the planned flight are en route charges and operational costs. We rely on Demand Data Repository (DDR2) data to calculate deviations from planned flight trajectories to analyse the extent to what airlines try to cut operational costs making shorter flights than planned if possible, and cut en route charges providing a planned flight with lower en route charges than the planned flight. Our findings show that there is no generalised strategy among airlines to reduce en-route charges asking for deviations of the planned route. On the other hand, airlines are achieving savings of operational costs regularly. Higher savings per nautical mile are obtained in night flights, with longer planned distance and operated by low cost carriers.     

治理交通拥堵要从加强停车收费管理破题——对吉安市中心城区机动车停放及收费管理情况的调查

随着社会经济的发展,城市居民生活水平的提高,吉安市中心城区机动车保有量不断攀升,停车难、停车乱、停车收费不规范成为社会关注的热点。为了加强机动车收费管理,利用价格杠杆改善停车条件,规范交通秩序,吉安市物价局组织力量对市中心城区机动车停放及收费情况进行了调研,在了解机动车停车场建设、停车收费管理现状的基础上,分析了停车收费管理中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的建议。     

The Effects of Internet Commerce on the Revenue Base of State and Local Governments

Abstract

Internet sales for 2000 are projected to be $850 billion. This explosion in growth of sales on the Internet has not been all good news to the U.S. business community. Both business and government have taken notice of taxation issues related to these electronically generated revenues. Sales taxes have been the primary focus of this attention. Many issues have been raised but the primary one is whether or not sales taxes should be collected from “cyberspace” customers. Many difficult questions have been raised and remain to be solved. One federally appointed commission has been formed, submitted recommendations to Congress and has dissolved. A National Governors' Association committee is currently in place to study the issues and provide suggestions to State legislatures in 2001.     

小议Access在Office各组件中的交流

Access 是微软公司推出的基于Windows的桌面关系数据库管理系统,是Office系列应用软件之一.它提供了表、查询、窗体、报表、页、宏、模块7种用来建立数据库系统的对象;提供了多种向导、生成器、模板,把数据存储、数据查询、界面设计、报表生成等操作规范化;为建立功能完善的数据库管理系统提供了方便,也使得普通用户不必编写代码,就可以完成大部分数据管理的任务.如果我们能够实现Access与Office组件其他成员之间进行数据交流,就能达到取长补短、提高工作效率的目的.本文就针对Access在word、Excel中的交叉应用进行了探讨.     

Charging for public services: the case of utilities in Norwegian local governments

This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of utility charges using a panel data set for a sample of Norwegian local governments. There is strong evidence of revenue substitution in the sense that local governments increase their utility charges when other sources of revenue (lump-sum grants and regulated tax revenue) become more restricted. Moreover, local political institutions are shown to be important: a high share of socialist representatives in the local council leads to high utility charges, whereas a strong political leadership is able to keep utility charges low.     

浅谈保险资金投资REITs

2009年10月1日,新修订的《保险法》允许保险资金可以投资于不动产,房地产作为不动产内容之一,可以成为保险资金投资渠道之一。REITs作为房地产市场股权投资的一种方式,具有非关联性、高流动性和高回报率的特点,这与保险经营具有的强外部性、成本滞后性、资金运转周期长等特点相吻合,为保险资金投资房地产搭建了难得的操作平台。通过分析保险资金投资REITs存在风险,并给出相关建议,对我国保险资金投资REITs发展起到一定的指导作用。