一种基于Access的应用程序菜单设计

对于开发基于数据库的中小型管理系统来说,采用Access数据库应用程序直接能满足实际需求,其界面友好、易学好懂、开发简单、接口方便、功能强大,对程序设计能力的依赖性不高,使其成为最受欢迎的数据库管理系统之一。菜单操作是用户在使用应用程序时最有效的操作方法,但Access中没有专门的菜单设计器,文章介绍了利用宏来实现菜单的设计,为Access应用程序的开发者提供借鉴。     

Access pricing and investment: a real options approach

This paper examines a three-period model of an investment decision in a network industry characterized by demand uncertainty, economies of scale and sunk costs. In the absence of regulation we identify the market conditions under which a monopolist decides to invest early as well as the overall welfare generated by this decision. In a regulated environment, we consider a vertically integrated network provider that is required to provide access to downstream competitors and compare two distinct access pricing methodologies: the Efficient Component Pricing Rule (ECPR) and the Option to Delay Pricing Rule (ODPR). We identify the welfare-maximizing access prices using the unregulated market output as a benchmark and show that optimal access regulation depends on market conditions (that is, the nature of demand) with two possible outcomes: (i) access prices that provide a positive payoff to the incumbent, that is, provide a positive compensation to account for the option to delay; and (ii) access prices that yield a zero payoff to the incumbent. Moreover, unlike the earlier literature that argues in favor of an ECPR-type methodology to account for the interaction between irreversibility and demand uncertainty, we find that, except under very specific conditions, an access price that accounts for the option to delay value is welfare-superior to the ECPR.      

Paragons of virtue? Competitor entry and the strategies of incumbents in the U.S. local telecommunications industry

We investigate whether the presence of new competitors has influenced the behaviour of U.S. incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs) with respect to pricing, advertising and the extent of diversification that they engage in. This issue is explored empirically, using data for the major local exchange carriers for the years 1994 to 1998. The period straddles periods of both absence and presence of competition in the industry, since the Telecommunications Act of 1996 has opened hitherto closed markets to competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs). While a recent Federal Communications Commission (FCC) report on local competition documents vigorous entry during the past years, the market share of the entrants is insubstantial. Our results indicate that the threat provided by market entrants has notably influenced the strategic behaviour of ILECs. The findings show that the incumbent U.S. local operators, particularly the larger ILECs, aggressively protect their profit streams from traditional business. The evidence demonstrates that the ILECs have responded to the Telecommunications Act 1996, and to the threat of market entry it has created, through entry deterrence. This strategic behaviour has been successful in providing ILECs with protection of their monopolistic markets so far.     

网络组织中合作结点的数目与地位--限制性进入机制质疑

治理机制是企业网络化协作的基础和实现协同效应的保证.Jones等人结合交易费用理论与社会网络理论提出限制性进入机制,以此作为维系网络组织有序运作的条件之一.但现实中存在着大量正反两方面的论据,经验并不完全支持该主张.从网络组织治理边界的视角对合作结点的数目与地位进行分析,可认为限制性进入不宜作为网络组织的治理机制.     

基于asp的公选课信息发布功能的实现

随着高校教学管理的系统化和计算机网络化,网上选课系统已成为教学教务管理面向学生的重要部分。本文给出了公选课系统中信息发布功能的具体实现及其数据库设计。     

农村税费制度改革初探

农民负担过重的根源,主要是体制问题。进一步深化农村税费制度改革是新时期党在农村工作的“民心工程”。通过改革,打破城乡两元经济结构,规范国家与农民之间的分配关系,真正实现“耕者有其利”,保证我国农村经济持续发展和社会稳定。本文对深化农村税费改革的必要性和措施进行了分析和探讨。     

浅议高校收费标准

我国高校的快速发展,向学生收取学费以弥补教育经费的不足.人们对此议论纷纷,提出了上学贵、上学难的问题.政府和学校采取了各种措施,保证不使一个大学生因无钱交学费而失学.应如何对待高校收费问题?当前高校收费的一般标准是否恰当和是否可以降低等等.文章根据我国最近的资料进行了分析论证,说明了自己的看法.     

Distinctive arrangements for international interconnection?

An issue of growing importance in telecommunications policy is the relationship between interconnection for domestic and international telephony. While international telephony's need for international transport is an inherent distinction, that factor will not determine distinctions in interconnection arrangements. Under the existing pricing structure for telephony, cross-border rent shifting is the key issue. Innovations in the pricing structure for telephony, whether through Internet telephony or other avenues, offer the potential for changing the structure of interconnection negotiations and eliminating distinctions between international and domestic telephony interconnection.     

健康不平等视角下医疗服务可及性对老年健康的影响* ——基于CLHLS数据的实证分析

随着我国人口预期寿命的延长和人口老龄化进程的加剧,如何促进老年健康成为学术界及政策制定者亟需关注的重要议题。基于2005年、2008年、2011年及2014年"中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查"(CLHLS)数据,以健康不平等理论为研究视角,探讨医疗服务可及性对老年健康的影响。研究结果表明,医疗服务可及性与老年健康之间呈显著相关,医疗服务不可及会显著增加老年人IADL、ADL及认知功能障碍和死亡风险;且这种关系随性别、年龄及城乡呈现出差异性。具体表现为医疗服务可及性对女性老人健康结果的影响大于男性老人;对低龄和中龄女性老人与中高龄男性老人的影响大于同性别的其他年龄组;与城镇老人相比,医疗服务可及性对农村老人健康结果的影响更大。医疗服务可及性对老年健康影响的性别、年龄及城乡差异,与其在整个生命周期中所遭遇的不公平制度环境有关。研究的政策意义在于,在我国人口快速老龄化的背景下,如何通过提升医疗保障制度在不同性别、年龄以及城乡之间的公平性来提高老年人医疗服务可及性,消弭由于制度不公平而带来的健康不平等,从而降低老年人IADL、ADL及认知障碍的发生率及死亡风险,实现老年群体的健康老龄化。     

高校图书馆门禁管理信息系统的开发与设计

本文论述了如何使用VisualC#语言开发一个图书馆门禁信息管理系统,该系统能通过读者借阅卡有效识别进入读者的身份,增加图书馆安全性和管理效率。