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61.
Jointness in production and farmers' willingness to supply non-marketed ecosystem services 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper highlights how farmers' willingness to supply non-marketed ecosystem services (ES) is influenced by whether or not the non-marketed ES are produced jointly with agricultural products. When marketed products and non-marketed ES share some production inputs the production relationships between the two may be complementary, competitive or substitutive. Using a cost minimization framework, it is shown how complementary relationships lead to costless voluntary provision of non-marketed ES (typically the case for ES that are supportive of provisioning ES for marketed farm products). It is also shown how competitive production relationships lead to provision of non-marketed ES at lower cost than when non-marketed ES are direct substitutes for farm products or are produced outside of agriculture. The paper closes by showing how the minimum willingness to accept (WTA) payment for ES that are complementary/competitive is less than or equal to the minimum WTA for the same ES produced in substitute or independent production relationships. 相似文献
62.
Francisco Triguero-Ruiz Antonio Avila-Cano 《Scottish journal of political economy》2023,70(3):231-248
This article examines competitive balance in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League over the last two decades (1999/2000–2017/2018). Competitive balance is considered both before and after a competition. Have the groups been designed in such a way as to ensure similar levels of competitive balance ex ante? Have the demonstrated strengths (ex post competitive balance) of the different groups been similar over each season? What is the relationship between the competitive balance in the designed groups and that achieved in the same groups after the competition? Are the performance achieved in terms of ex post competitive balance similar to ex ante competitive balance levels? We found that, despite expectations, the groups' ex ante competitive balance was not homogeneous. Although ex ante competitive balance serves as a good predictor, on average, of ex post competitive balance, we observed significant differences at the levels of group and seasons. Therefore, it is possible to improve the design mechanism of the groups that make up the group stage of the champions so that they are composed homogeneously in terms of ex ante competitive balance. 相似文献
63.
64.
In recent years the increased interest in the recycling of plastic wastes has lead to the development of numerous technological approaches to utilizing plastic wastes of varying qualities and types. A major problem with these technologies, however, is the unacceptable contamination levels in the available wastes. This paper examines one area from which relatively uncontaminated plastic wastes can be obtained—shredder residue from automotive shredder operations. In addition to reviewing the historical adoption of shredders, this paper uses econometric approaches to investigate the extent to which the shredder technology has penetrated the market for scrap steel. These approaches suggest that the movement toward shredders and away from the more conventional baler operations that have historically been used to process retired autos is slowing. 相似文献
65.
66.
David G. Mayes 《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2018,21(3):178-189
This article explores the problems the EU and the SRB face in trying to implement a credible system for resolving banks without the use of taxpayer funds as a key part of banking union that avoids the doom loop between indebted banks and indebted sovereigns. It finds that without clear examples of how the system works in practice it is very difficult to provide convincing evidence of what will happen given the large number of options for bailing in, the continuing predilection for bailing out in some states and the lack of fiscal backstop for general threats to financial stability. 相似文献
67.
胡钧教授多年来一直坚持和宣传的按劳分配中的"等量劳动互换"是社会主义经济的本质关系,与等价交换相对立,从而排斥商品交换关系的观点,不能成立。他的这一理论观点,与马克思的观点相对立。马克思将按劳分配中的等量劳动交换称之为与商品等价交换是同一原则的"资产阶级权利",是与"旧社会痕迹"相联系的"弊病"。这一观点也与邓小平的社会主义本质论相悖离。胡教授用社会主义"等量劳动互换"本质论,否定我国实质的商品价值关系的存在,断言马、恩关于社会主义制度下商品关系会消亡的科学真理在我国已成为现实。这不符合我国的实际情况。胡教授宣称他的这一理论观点得到党和学界的"极大重视"和认同,是"最突出的创新性见解"和"重要学术贡献",并为邓小平的社会主义市场经济理论和我国的改革目标"提供了理论铺垫"、"做了理论上的准备",也不符合事实。 相似文献
68.
Joseph Bakos Michele Siu Adalberto Orengo Narges Kasiri 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2020,29(3):1285-1296
One of the greatest challenges facing the world today is climate change. The need to consistently advance with environmentally sustainable practices in today's businesses is crucial, and businesses are demanded to be more environmentally sustainable every day. This study conducts an analysis of the literature on small and medium‐sized enterprises' (SMEs) environmental sustainability by carefully examining 122 studies from 58 journals published from 2013 to 2019. We investigate the trends in drivers and barriers of sustainability adoption to inform both SMEs managers and policymakers. Our results also classify the reviewed studies on the basis of their methodologies and show the distribution of studies across industry sectors and locations in order to set directions for future research on sustainability practices of SMEs. 相似文献
69.
This paper analyses productivity growth in 16 of Taiwan's manufacturing industries during the period 1978–1992. The non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis approach is used to compute Malmquist productivity indexes. These are decomposed into efficiency change and technical change. The latter is further decomposed into an output bias, an input bias and a magnitude component. In addition, the direction of input bias is identified. Empirical results indicate that the sector's TFP increased at a rate of 2.89% per annum, which could be ascribed to a technical progress (2.56%) and an efficiency improvement (0.33%). 相似文献
70.
Louinord Voltaire 《Applied economics》2013,45(22):2235-2249
Most environmental economists argue that direct experience with the good being valuated, or with similar goods, is a precondition for providing valid willingness to pay (WTP) responses to contingent valuation questions. Two questions are posed in this article. The first is whether previous use experience of a resource (Séné nature reserve) similar to that being valuated (future nature reserves) and located in the same geographical area (Gulf of Morbihan) impacts on WTP. The second is whether accounting for the endogeneity of direct experience matters in the estimation of WTP. We find that respondents who have not experienced the Séné nature reserve provide value estimates that are statistically comparable to that of respondents who have experienced it. Our assumption is that respondents have acquired sufficient and adequate experience of future nature reserves from the questionnaire that experience obtained by experiencing the Séné nature reserve was not necessary for making a valid value formulation. Hence, aggregation of WTP estimates to obtain a total valuation of the future nature reserves is reasonable over the full target population. In addition, our results show that direct experience is endogenously determined; but controlling for the endogeneity has a marginal effect on WTP estimates. 相似文献