中国装备制造业集聚对绿色创新效率的影响效应研究

根据2005-2015年省级面板数据,采用空间基尼系数估算全国装备制造业集聚水平;采用考虑非期望产出的Super SBM 模型测度全国装备制造业绿色创新效率;采用空间计量分析方法,构建门槛面板模型,实证检验装备制造业集聚对绿色创新效率的影响效应。结果表明: 全国装备制造业绿色创新效率总体呈先升后降趋势,但地区差异明显;装备制造业集聚对绿色创新效率的影响呈显著的N型关系,具有双重门槛效应;东部、东北地区装备制造业集聚对绿色创新效率呈递增的正向非线性影响,中部地区装备制造业集聚对绿色创新效率的影响呈先降后升态势,西部地区装备制造业集聚对绿色创新效率的影响呈倒N型关系;研发投入强度、能源消耗与装备制造业绿色创新效率显著正相关,城市化水平、环境规制与装备制造业绿色创新效率显著负相关。提高装备制造业发展质量,应增加研发投入,增强自主创新能力,促进装备制造业集聚化、绿色化发展。     

制造业产业集聚如何影响生态环境

以产业集聚外部性效应为视角,利用2010-2016年天津市南港工业园、逸仙科学工业园、现代产业园与微电子工业园4个制造业产业园区面板数据,实证分析产业集聚与生态环境的双重效应关系,揭示其内在作用机制。结果表明：制造业产业集聚对生态环境存在正负两种外部性效应,具体作用取决于绿色技术创新与外商直接投资两个中介变量。当产业集聚水平较低时,绿色技术创新在制造业产业集聚对生态环境的影响关系中作用不明显。外商直接投资在制造业产业集聚与生态环境关系中起中介作用,即制造业产业集聚会加大外商直接投资规模,对生态环境产生消极影响;当产业集聚水平较高时,绿色技术创新在制造业产业集聚与生态环境的关系中起中介作用,即制造业产业集聚提高了绿色技术创新水平,对生态环境具有积极影响。外商直接投资在制造业产业集聚与生态环境关系中的作用不显著。     

块状世界的经济学——空间经济学点评

The major subjects of the Spatial Economics are studying the spatial distributions of economic activities, investigating those factors and mechanism determining the spatial style of economic activities, and reintroducing the spatial factor neglected by the Mainstream Economics for a long period into the general equilibrium frame. This paper presents the main research object of the Spatial Economy, as well as its＇ foundations, the catalog and artifice of those theoretical models, and main insights of the Spatial Economy, evaluates the theoretical improvement of the Spatial Economy in brief.     

The effect of spatial interdependencies on prioritization and payments for environmental services

Empirical studies and on-the-ground policies assessing optimal selection of projects in the context of payments for environmental services programs rarely consider spatial proximity of one project to other projects. This occurs despite evidence from theoretical and ecological studies that benefits are often spatially interdependent. This paper develops a flexible construct of “spatial synergy benefits” using the principles of Newtonian gravity similar to efforts in other application areas. This approach is novel to the literature on environmental preservation and, as a systematic method, can account for a wide variety of spatial interdependencies. The empirical setting for the application is farm and forest preservation in Delaware, with a quadratic knapsack algorithm used to select the optimal set of parcels. Application results show that the specific level of the spatial synergy benefit measure does not significantly alter the number of parcels and acreage preserved, but that the composition of the optimal set changes as agglomeration preferences increase. These changes in the optimal targeted set indicate a potential bias in past research on PES selection. Policy makers informed by methods that do not explicitly account for spatial agglomeration preferences often make incorrect investment choices from a cost-effectiveness perspective.     

国际贸易理论的新发展与东亚实践

企业活动的国际化在东亚日渐形成的国际分工体制中是个极其重要的关键因素,探索其为何要走向国际化,对我国参与国际分工、特别是积极实施\"走出去\"战略,显然具有适时和现实的实践意义.在当前分工最活跃的东亚地区,这些理论的新发展正在被实践所证实.     

Location: A Neglected Determinant of Firm Growth

This paper links the performance of new technology firms, measured in terms of employment growth, to geographic location. We introduce a model of firm growth that is specific to characteristics of the location as well as the firm and industry. The model is estimated using a unique data set identifying the growth performance of small technology-based firms in Germany. We find that firm performance, as measured by employment growth, does appear to be influenced by locational characteristics as well as characteristics specific to the firm and the industry. In particular, the empirical evidence suggests that being located in an agglomeration rich in knowledge resources is more conducive to firm growth than being located in a region that is less endowed with knowledge resources. These results suggest the economic value of location as a conduit for accessing external knowledge resources, which in turn, manifests itself in higher rates of growth. JEL no. L10, R11, O12, O30     

科技人才集聚对中国区域科技创新效率的影响

基于2005-2015年省际面板数据,构建超越对数随机前沿距离函数模型,借鉴产业区位熵思想,研究科技人才集聚对中国区域科技创新效率的影响。结果表明,科技创新效率存在区域差异,东部地区高于中部、西部、东北地区,西部最低;科技人才集聚规模和均衡度与区域科技创新效率显著正相关,强度与区域科技创新效率显著负相关。鉴于此,为提高区域科技创新效率、缩小区域差异,我国政府应全方位培育并吸引科技人才,合理引导科技人才流动、整合科技人才资源。     

黑龙江省装备制造业集聚水平的实证分析

依据2001年到2007年《中国统计年鉴》和《黑龙江省统计年鉴》的有关数据,选用区位商作为测量工具,对黑龙江省装备制造业的集聚水平进行了深入的剖析,计算结果表明:黑龙江省通用设备制造业和专业设备制造业的产业集聚程度比较高;而通信设备、计算机及电子设备制造业的集聚程度比较低。黑龙江省装备制造业聚集水平与工业经济增长存在着高度正相关的关系。     

中国制造业地理集聚的成因与趋势

改革开放以来,中国的制造业空间格局发生了显著的重构。本文基于中国省区尺度的制造业数据,描述了改革开放以来到2008年期间的中国制造业的空间集聚的变化趋势和特征。总体上,现阶段中国的制造业地理集聚程度较高,主要集聚在东部沿海地区。然而中国制造业地理集聚存在显著的产业差异,依赖于特定自然资源投入的产业,地理集聚程度相对较低,而依赖大量中间产品投入的资本技术密集型产业的地理集聚度则较高。劳动密集型产业由于是外资主导并且以出口为主,高度集中在沿海省区。中国的产业集聚变化趋势具有明显的阶段性特征,从上个世纪90年代初开始,产业地理集聚程度上升进入了加速期,地理集聚程度在2004年左右达到顶峰。本文回顾了中国产业地理集聚的理论和实证研究,传统的贸易理论、新经济地理学理论和集聚经济理论是理解中国的产业集聚的重要视角,但中国转型经济的特殊制度环境下,市场化、全球化和地方分权对中国制造业业集聚和分散具有显著影响。随着中国经济转型的深化及其在全球经济体中地位的调整,全球力量与地方力量的相互作用将不断重塑中国的制造业地理格局。     

城市人力资本如何影响工资水平?

文章基于CHIP2013微观数据,运用分层线性等模型考察了经济集聚情况下城市人力资本对工资影响的四种微观机制,结果发现:地区人力资本深度对个体工资有显著促进作用,信息技术服务业专业化也有一定正影响,产业多样化虽与工资存在负相关,但在控制内生性后影响不显著,就业密度则有微弱促进作用。异质性分析表明:人力资本深度对女性、受教育程度高者工资的边际效应更强,且对东部的作用远远超过对中西部地区的影响。同时其效果随着收入分位数的提高而递减,减少了不同群体的收入差距,但收入阶层间差异并不显著;信息技术专业化程度同样对于女性和受教育程度高者边际作用更强,且其对最高收入分位点人群的促进作用最大;多样化程度对工资的抑制作用不稳健,对东部人群的工资消极影响更加显著,对中下等收入及以上的群体工资抑制随收入层次上升而递减。