美国对外贸易政策变迁轨迹研究(1776-1940)

本文主要是研究美国对外贸易政策变迁轨迹(1776-1940),包括美国对外贸易政策的背景、从1776-1940年的美国对外贸易政策、美国对外贸易政策对工业和农业的影响。     

减税降费与企业价值——来自上市制造业企业的证据

本文以2019年3月21日发布《关于深化增值税改革有关政策的公告》和2019年5月1日正式执行《降低社会保险费率综合方案》为政策背景,通过事件研究法,测算上市制造业企业在政策执行前后的收益率变化,以此研究减税降费政策对制造业企业价值的影响。研究发现,减税降费政策对样本企业的收益率有提升作用,且中低技术制造业企业与广东、浙江以外地区制造业企业的收益率提升幅度更大。基于研究结果,本文建议持续实施减税降费政策,做好政策落实工作;有针对性、分地区设计高技术制造业税收优惠政策,并允许社会保险费费率上调地区平稳过渡,增强制造业企业在减税降费中的"获得感"。     

Critical success factors for the sustainability of Kaizen event human resource outcomes: An empirical study

Kaizen events have been widely reported to produce positive change in business results and human resource outcomes. However, sustaining or improving upon the results of a Kaizen event over time can be difficult for many organizations and has received limited empirical research attention to date. This paper identifies the factors that most strongly influence the sustainability of work area employee attitudes and commitment to Kaizen events based on a field study of 65 events in eight manufacturing organizations. The findings also present guidelines for organizations and areas for future research.     

Does social capital determine innovation? To what extent?

This paper deals with two questions: Does social capital determine innovation in manufacturing firms? If it is the case, to what extent? To deal with these questions, we review the literature on innovation in order to see how social capital came to be added to the other forms of capital as an explanatory variable of innovation. In doing so, we have been led to follow the dominating view of the literature on social capital and innovation which claims that social capital cannot be captured through a single indicator, but that it actually takes many different forms that must be accounted for. Therefore, to the traditional explanatory variables of innovation, we have added five forms of structural social capital (business network assets, information network assets, research network assets, participation assets, and relational assets) and one form of cognitive social capital (reciprocal trust). Based on the survey data administered from April to June 2000 to 440 manufacturing firms of diverse industries in a region in the southwest of Montréal, we have found that 68.5% of the firms have developed product or process innovations during the 3 years preceding the survey. Assuming that innovation is not a discrete event but a complex process, we have modeled the decision to innovate as a two-stage decision-making process: in the first stage, the firms deal with the decision about whether to innovate or not whereas, at the second stage, the firms that have decided to innovate must make a decision about the degree of radicalness of the innovation to undertake. In a context where empirical investigations regarding the relations between social capital and innovation are still scanty, this paper makes contributions to the advancement of knowledge in providing new evidence regarding the impact and the extent of social capital on innovation at the two decision-making stages considered in this study. Regarding the decision to innovate or not that firms must initially make, we have provided strong evidence that diverse forms of social capital influence this decision and, more importantly, that marginal increases in social capital, especially in social capital taking the forms of participation assets and relational assets, contribute more than any other explanatory variable to increase the likelihood of innovation of firms. As for the decision to be made at the second stage concerning the magnitude of radicalness to bring in the development of new product or process innovations, this paper contributes to the advancement of knowledge by supplying the strongest evidence that diverse forms of social capital determine the radicalness of innovation, and more importantly, that social capital taking the form of research network assets contributes more than any other explanatory variable to explain the radicalness of innovation. The second variable that exerts the strongest impact on the radicalness of innovation is the number of different advanced technologies employed by firms for production.     

工业互联网平台对产业融合影响的实证研究

工业互联网是推进我国经济高质量发展的重要引擎,是制造业转型升级的加速器。工业互联网平台已成为一种新的经济业态和服务载体,并渗透到产业与企业各个层面,深刻影响着制造业产业融合水平。基于2013—2019年省级面板数据,运用面板分位数回归法,分析工业互联网视角下平台经济发展水平与产业融合的关系,揭示工业互联网平台发展水平对产业融合的作用机理,检验制造业升级对平台经济发展水平与产业融合的中介效应。结果表明,工业互联网平台发展对技术融合与生产性服务业和制造业融合的影响不显著,对供应链与价值链融合有显著正向影响。进一步分析发现,制造业升级在工业互联网平台对供应链与价值链融合的影响中具有完全中介效应。研究结果对揭示工业互联网平台、制造业升级和产业融合三者间关系,推动工业互联网平台赋能制造业融合发展具有重要意义。     

Where do manufacturing firms locate their headquarters?

Firms often separate headquarters' (HQ) functions physically from their production facilities and construct stand-alone HQs. By locating its HQ in a large, service oriented metro area away from its production facilities, a firm may be better able to outsource service functions in that local metro market and also to gather information about market conditions for their products. However if the firm locates the HQ away from its production activity, the coordination costs in managing plant activities are increased. In this paper, we empirically analyze the trade-off between these two considerations.     

银行主导型金融对制造业企业技术进步的影响——基于技术距离的视角

制造业企业的技术发展离不开适宜类型的金融支持。那么,我国以商业银行为主导的金融体系对其具有怎样的影响？本文从技术距离视角出发,通过构建熊彼特内生增长模型探究银行主导型金融体系对制造业企业技术进步的影响效应及作用机理,并运用中国工业企业数据库与城市数据库的匹配数据进行实证检验。研究发现：当制造业企业远离技术前沿时,银行主导型金融对其技术进步具有明显的促进作用,但随着企业接近技术前沿,该作用将由正转负。相较于国有和抵押资产丰富的制造业企业,银行主导型金融对技术进步的负向作用在非国有和抵押资产匮乏企业中出现较早。机制检验表明,在远离技术前沿阶段,银行主导型金融能够激励制造业企业创新从而促进其技术进步,但在接近技术前沿后,银行主导型金融难以通过激励企业创新驱动其技术进步。研究结论对如何深化金融供给侧结构性改革、增强金融服务制造业之功效具有一定的指导意义。     

智能制造对企业颠覆性创新的作用机理——来自扎根理论的海尔案例研究

在新一轮科技革命浪潮中,制造企业基于智能制造带来的颠覆性创新效应,既能把握市场先机,也易于实现“创新逆袭”。智能制造如何赋能企业颠覆性创新?围绕这一问题,以海尔集团深度访谈质性数据为基础,采用扎根理论对一手数据与二手数据进行编码,结果发现,生产模式变革、组织结构演化、合作网络创新是颠覆性创新的重要影响因素。由此,构建智能制造企业颠覆性创新理论模型,解析智能制造企业颠覆性创新实现与演化机理,以期为新时代背景下,中国企业更好地激发自身智能制造潜能,推动颠覆性创新提供参考。     

Export Composition and Manufacturing Employment in the US during the Economic Downturn of 1991-92

This paper examines the effect that export composition had upon manufacturing employment in the US during the 1991 recession. Although it takes, on average, approximately $66 000 in exports to create one job, the exact gains in terms of total employment depend upon the labour-intensity of the products being exported. Foreign sales by the chemical and textile industries result in a far greater increase in employment than exports by the petroleum refining or steel industries. This analysis estimates the employment effects of manufacturing exports over the 1989-95 period, utilizing an input-output model to capture both direct and indirect effects. The results demonstrate that export composition has, at times, both strengthened and reduced demand for labour. Consequently, if job-creation is a national goal, it may be in the interests of the US to promote exports from sectors that are labour-using.     

基于技术轨道的制造企业服务化机理研究

基于技术轨道理论与制造企业服务化间的关系,认为技术轨道对制造企业服务化的影响机理包括3类：驱动机理、拉动机理和差异化机理。制造企业服务化转型内在机理是技术轨道驱动下投入服务化、企业边界变化以及用户需求、产出、政策拉动下与技术轨道的协同演化过程,且通过技术轨道形成服务化转型差异。制造企业对自身技术轨道的识别有利于确定发展所需主要技术来源及技术演化轨迹,把握实现服务化的关键机理。