中国制造业劳动力成本上升的正负效应分析

劳动力作为生产的重--素投入,在经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用。根据古典贸易理论,我国存在着明显的劳动力比较优势,带来了我国对外贸易依靠国内大量存在的廉价劳动力的长期繁荣发展。然而,进入21世纪以来,劳动力成本的上升日益显著,我国的人口红利正在逐渐消失。通过对我国制造业劳动力成本上升的现状及其负面效应、正面效应的分析,认为我国应从国家层面、产业层面以及企业层面来应对劳动力成本上升带来的影响。     

Competing in the global marketplace: The case of India and China

As the world economy becomes increasingly integrated and globalized, U.S. companies face unprecedented opportunity, as well as challenge. In the global marketplace, China has made great strides in economic and commercial developments. The business community observes that China is becoming a manufacturing base for the world in providing quality products at low prices. As more business people turn their attention to China's progress, however, they are missing out on an important part of the equation: its neighboring country, India, which may deserve more attention than it has received. In this article, we attempt to present an argument that India could be a viable alternative in competition with other countries on the world stage. In spite of its problems, the Indian government and people are determined to increase Indian contribution to the world economy. As such, India may serve as its next frontier.     

运用多层中间商模型解析“贴牌生产”微利与大商企发展问题

"贴牌"(生产或销售)是当今国内外相当普遍的经济现象,关于贴牌生产(或贴牌销售)利弊的争论在学术界已相当广泛,争论的焦点是利益分配。为使我国赢得在贴牌生产中因销售环节丢失的大部分利润,必须高度重视销售流通环节,同时着力培育中国自己的"商业航母",尤为重要。     

互联网是否促进了制造业产品升级——基于技术复杂度的分析

近年来,互联网跨界经营和应用受到实务界和学术界的广泛热议,但鲜有文献从更为微观的产品视角深入探讨企业使用互联网对制造业产品升级的影响。本文通过匹配中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库,采用OLS、Probit以及Heckman选择模型,研究了互联网对企业产品横向升级的影响及内在机制。研究发现:(1)企业使用互联网能显著促进出口概率的增加以及技术复杂度的提升;(2)互联网对技术密集型企业和内资企业的技术复杂度提升效果更明显;(3)技术创新是打开互联网促进制造业产品升级这一“黑箱”的重要机制,而波特强调的成本领先优势在互联网环境下只是企业实现产品升级和获取竞争优势的必要条件。因此,加快推进互联网在高技术企业和内资企业的应用,加大对企业研发创新投入的支持力度,是实现中国制造业产品升级目标的关键。     

Manufacturing outsourcing,onshoring, and global equilibrium

Manufacturing is now a national strategy for many countries to combat slow economic growth, and positively viewed with the current trend of onshoring foreign manufacturing operations. We develop a cross-country regression model that predicts manufacturing employment as a function of population growth, foreign direct investment, and purchasing power parity. Results through the year 2100 suggest that manufacturing is trending toward a global equilibrium with higher levels of manufacturing outputs but much lower levels of manufacturing employment. The reason is that countries tend to evolve from having little manufacturing to commodity manufacturing at large scale and low wages. As infrastructure and human capital develop, there is the tendency to pursue advanced manufacturing in support of higher valued goods. The manufacture of commodity products is then outsourced to those countries with lower costs justified by their less-developed infrastructure and human capital, and so the virtuous cycle continues. While this model suggests that current efforts in revitalization of domestic manufacturing would lead to an increase in wealth in the United States, the bad news is that these gains are unlikely to be sustainable in the long term. However, the good news is that manufacturing acts as a rising tide that raises all nations and our global quality of life.     

基于高技术服务创新网络异质性的税收激励路径设计

高技术服务创新网络是先进制造业与现代生产性服务业融合发展的一种整合创新业态,与其他产业发展模式相比,具有高技术性、广泛的参与主体以及整合创新三方面的异质性。针对高技术服务创新网络的异质性及现行税收优惠政策存在的问题,我国可通过建立高技术服务创新网络认证制度,增加网络税收优惠方式,改变增值税优惠,加强客户参与和参与企业合作激励等措施来提高税收优惠的针对性,完善税收优惠体系,进而促进网络整合创新和发展。     

甘肃省制造业与物流业联动发展对策研究

制造业与物流业联动发展可带动甘肃经济的迅速发展。本文在理论研究的基础上,剖析了甘肃制造业与物流业联动发展的现实需求和制约因素,并提出针对性的发展对策。     

The Innovative Performance Of The World'S Largest Firms: Some New Evidence ‡

Data on R & D expenditures and US patenting in the world's 660 largest, technologically active firms both show a linear relation between firm size and the volume of innovative activities, despite some inconsistencies between the two measures. Technological diversity increases with firm size, but relatively weakly, especially in R & D-intensive sectors. Sectoral variations in the comparative technological advantage of large firms based in Japan, the USA and W. Europe are better explained by variations in rivalry in their home market than by variations in their size.     

Assessing the Determinants of High-Growth Manufacturing Firms in Italy

Few firms grow rapidly, but their contribution to employment growth is often impressive. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse both the external and internal factors that can affect the probability of being a high-growth firm (HGF) in Italy. We found that HGFs are, on average, young firms and are present in different industries, but the role of demand is important to understanding their performance at the sectoral level. Moreover, our findings show that financial constraints and profitability are not associated with the probability of being a HGF. HGFs, on average, are characterised by high productivity, but only when growth is measured in terms of sales. The most original results of this study concern the endogenous determinants of rapid growth, which have yet to be adequately examined in the literature. First, we found that the concentration of ownership is important for HGFs that experienced rapid growth in their sales. Second, the quality of human capital is a strong point for firms experiencing rapid employment growth.     

The Industry Determinants of Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Canadian Producer Prices

This paper models and estimates exchange rate pass-through and its determinants in Canadian manufacturing industries. The paper predicts theoretically that the exchange rate pass-through should be between one and zero, where it is positively affected by the share of tradable inputs in production costs and the domestic firms’ market share, and negatively by the elasticity of marginal cost with respect to output. The sign for the degree of product differentiation is not theoretically clear. Results of estimation indicate that pass-through is incomplete and is mostly affected by the share of tradable inputs in production costs (positively) and the elasticity of marginal cost with respect to output (negatively).