中国商业养老保险在社会保障体系中的作用探究

本文通过对中国城镇企业职工现行的养老保险制度的研究,对其存在的重点问题做了详细的分析,并结合数据以及国内专家学者的理论研究分析了中国近年来商业养老保险的发展状况,提出了利用商业养老保险作为社保养老补充的建议,以期为建立起全社会的多层次养老保障体系和有效解决人口老龄化背景下的养老问题提供参考.     

金融改革对缓解人口老龄化冲击的实证研究

目前,我国已逐步进入老龄化社会。在人口老龄化背景下,劳动力供给和储蓄将会下降,这会导致投资成本上升和养老负担加重。金融改革有助于提高要素的配置效率、打破金融抑制格局,从而起到缓解人口老龄化冲击的作用。本文实证分析了金融改革缓解人口老龄化冲击的效应。研究结果表明,金融改革指数提高1个标准差,老年人占总人口比重对经济增长的负面影响将下降15.96%,老年人占总人口比重的变化对经济增长的负面影响将减小30.13%;对于发展中国家而言,金融改革产生的效应更加突出。     

台湾地区老龄人口休闲消费的影响因素与趋势展望

随着居民可支配收入不断提高与消费观念逐渐改变,休闲消费日益成为台湾地区老龄群体的消费支出重点。本文首先分析台湾地区老龄休闲消费现状,其次提出影响老龄休闲消费的主要因素,在此基础上,对台湾地区老龄休闲消费的未来发展趋势进行展望。     

我国民营养老机构存在的问题及对策

在对国内外民营养老机构现状进行了深入分析的基础上,对我国民营养老机构面临的问题进行了分析研究,并提出对应的解决措施和我国民营养老机构的发展前景。     

延迟退休：个人理性与政府决策的冲突与平衡

通过个人退休决策和养老保险基金平衡模型,文章分析个人和政府的决策差异,首次将Leslie人口模型引入养老保险基金平衡公式,修正养老保险制度抚养比,以测算渐进式延迟退休时间表对养老保险基金缺口的影响。模型结果表明：在低利率、低初始就业年龄的现实条件下,强制延迟退休会造成个人福利损失,政策执行存在阻力。然而,延迟退休政策势在必行,是应对养老保险基金缺口的现实选择。面对决策冲突,政府应首先尽快统一退休年龄,以此为改革突破口,采取多种配套措施逐步推进退休年龄改革。     

经济增长、人口老龄化与医疗费用增长 --中国数据的计量分析

依据我国改革开放以来的统计数据,对经济增长、人口老龄化与我国医疗费用增长的相关性进行协整检验和Granger因果关系检验.分析发现:经价格紧缩因子调整后,我国医疗支出的收入弹性约为1;经济增长、人口老龄化对我国医疗费用增长的影响是一种长期关系,但短期影响不大;人口老龄化对我国医疗费用增长的影响明显低于经济增长的作用;经济增长、医疗费用增长都是我国老年人口比例提高的Granger原因.     

The relationship ageing of the population and saving in an unemployment context: Empirical evidence using an autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach

In this article, we emphasised that ageing population does not systematically depress savings by drawing attention to the factors that may distort that prediction of the life‐cycle hypothesis (LCH). To demonstrate it, we used two indicators for ageing: the total and aged dependency ratios and we looked at the economic context influence on national saving evolution through considering the labour market imbalance interference. By applying the autoregressive distributed lag approach, with Tunisian data during 1970–2018, a dynamic long‐run relationship between ageing and national saving is found, although it seemed to be sensitive to the used ageing indicator and the economic context. Indeed, the LCH is proved only by the total dependence ratio whereas the aged dependence ratio puts a significant long‐run upward pressure on saving. Further, in a context of unemployment without any benefit scheme, the LCH prediction cannot be endorsed by the two indicators. Hence, the social and economic conditions limit the LCH scope, bearing out that elderly not depress systematically savings. Therefore, to sustain saving major economic and financial reforms are needed, as to postpone the retirement age, to move from pay‐as‐you‐go system towards funded pension system, to promote life insurance and to diversify the long‐run savings products.     

老龄化与农村老年人口多维贫困——基于AF方法的贫困测度与分解

利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS) 2010、2012、2014和2016四次调查数据,基于Alkire和Foster(2011)提出的AF方法测算了农村老年人的多维贫困,并进一步通过贫困分解的方式考察了人口老龄化对农村多维贫困的影响。研究发现:农村地区老年人口的多维贫困程度要甚于农村总体的多维贫困,并且老年人多维贫困的改善主要源自贫困人口数量的下降,而非贫困程度的改善;教育和就业两个维度的剥夺对于农村老年人口多维贫困的贡献率最高,其中教育维度的剥夺对总体多维贫困的贡献率有所上升,但就业维度剥夺的贡献率则有所下降;人口结构老龄化部分抵消了老年人多维贫困减缓幅度,并且对农村总体多维贫困变化产生了负面影响。     

Demographic change,human capital,and economic growth in Korea

We construct a measure of human capital using micro datasets on labor composition of age, gender, education, and wage rate and analyze its role in economic growth for the Korean economy. Over the past three decades, human capital has grown steadily at about 1% per year, contrasting to a continuously declining trend of total work-hours. This growth has been driven by the rise of better-educated baby-boom cohorts. A growth accounting exercise shows that human capital contributes significantly to economic growth; it accounted for 0.5% points of annual GDP growth over the period. Human capital is projected to remain a major growth factor over the next two decades as the increase in educational attainment continues. Increased employment rate of elderly or female workers reduces the aggregate human capital growth while increasing the available labor. Polices to improve human capital of female or elderly workers help to increase aggregate human capital growth.     

试谈开征社会保障税

我国现行的社会保障筹资方式难以适应失业和人口老龄化所带来的剧增社会保障费用支出的需要,改革现行社会保障基金筹资方式,开征社会保障税已刻不容缓,体现在税制设计应遵循的基本原则,以及确定社会保障税的基本框架等方面更应先行。