破解新型农业经营主体发展资金瓶颈的途径选择

东北三省作为全国粮食主产区,近年来农业产业化发展迅速。在新型农业经营主体发展进程中,东北三省的金融机构为广大农民和涉农企业提供了有力的资金支持,但由于受多种因素制约,新型农业经营主体发展的金融支持仍存在一些问题需加以研究解决。本文就如何解决这些问题开展论述。     

The impact of decoupled payments on farm choices: Conceptual and methodological challenges

In this paper we review the methodological framework for analysing decoupled payments in models of agricultural production. Market and technological uncertainty, farm efficiency, credit constraints, farm household choices involving extra-agricultural decisions, policy uncertainty and long-run impact of decoupling on investment and land values are the relevant issues that should be pursued by methodological and empirical analysis. Future research should refine the analysis of decoupled payments, mainly trying to provide results that can be useful for policy simulation, to bridge the gap between analysis at the individual level and sector policy models.     

积极做市,树立银行间市场做市商品牌

中国农业银行资金交易中心作为银行间市场第一个资金交易中心,多年来始终是银行间市场上交易最活跃、最有实力、最具影响力的机构之一,2002年至2006年连续五年实现银行间市场交易量排名第一。作为银行间市场的首批双边报价商,农行已经连续6年多坚持每个交易日多券种、小价差报价,在发现市场价格和活跃市场交易方面发挥了积极作用,     

Land rights,agricultural productivity,and deforestation

This paper studies the relationship between land tenure for smallholder agriculture and deforestation. We combine high resolution satellite data on deforestation with rich household and commune-level, biannual panel data from Vietnam. We study two margins of tenure security, whether a household has any land title (extensive) and the share of a household’s land held in title (intensive). Using a household-fixed effects model, we find the increases in crop production and land investment associated with holding land title are driven by the intensive margin. We then aggregate the survey data to the commune-level and find evidence that marginal increases in extensive tenure (share of households with any land title) increase deforestation holding constant the average intensive tenure (average share of land held in tenure among those with land title). We find some evidence that increasing the intensive margin of tenure (holding constant the extensive tenure) decreases deforestation. These results present a more nuanced view of the tenure-deforestation relationship than is prevalent in the existing literature.     

涉农贷款中新担保措施的合法性及有效性分析

为防范涉农贷款违约风险,部分农村信用联社积极探索,创新出债权文书公证方式、以人身险保险金担保债权等担保方式,以确保债权得到切实维护.这些新担保方式一定程度上增加了农村贷款供给,但存在法律风险.本文着重对这些新措施、新方法的合法性及有效性进行了探讨.     

论农行三农金融事业部改革的制约因素

2010年银监会推出了《中国农业银行三农金融事业部制改革与监管指引》,吉林做为改革试点,按照总行、省行、市行＂三级督导＂,县域支行＂一级经营＂的事业部管理架构,率先进行了改革,经过一年多的经营运作,农行三农金融事业部实现了机制的顺利转轨,各项业务发展较快,但仍存在制约因素,本文以辽源农行为实例,对此进行了一些积极探索。     

涉农信贷与保险耦合模式下地方政府和保险机构行为的博弈分析

运用基于有限理性假设的演化博弈理论,对涉农信贷与保险耦合模式下地方政府和保险机构行为进行分析,得到了地方政府和保险机构同时分别支持和积极参与涉农信贷与保险耦合模式的参数条件,进而得到了涉农信贷与保险耦合模式可持续发展的现实条件,并给出对应的建议。     

基于VAR模型下粮食价格、农业生产成本与农民收入的实证研究

通过脉冲响应函数得出农业生产资料价格与粮食价格,同时上涨,部分或者完全抵消了粮食价格上涨以及国家试图提高农民收入、调节收入分配而出台的各项优惠政策对农民收入的增加效应。Granger因果检验说明粮食价格、农民收入分别是农业生产成本的Granger原因。为此,政府必须将农业生产资料价格的上涨幅度控制在合理区间,改善农村物流现状,规范农资市场的经营等。     

低碳农业：金融支农的新视角

温室气体的增加、极端气候和自然灾害的频繁出现对农业发展的不利影响越来越凸显出来,农业作为温室气体的第二大重要排放源,必须实现从高碳向低碳的转变。当前在农村金融的发展中对低碳农业的认识还刚刚起步,应从政策导向、转变观念、金融产品创新等方面着手,把低碳农业作为金融支农的新视角。     

Shift of the short-term temperature mortality relationship by a climate factor - some evidence necessary to take account of in estimating the health effect of global warming

Several studies have reported a 'V'-shaped relationship between short-term temperature and mortality rates, characterized by mortality rates that are higher when the temperature is extremely low or high than when the temperature is moderate. To quantify the effect of adaptation to a certain climate on this V-shaped short-term temperature-mortality relationship, we studied the prefecture-specific relationship between daily maximum temperature and mortality rates for 65+-years-old Japanese from 1972 to 1990. For both genders, the optimum daily maximum temperature (OT) category at which the mortality rate was minimum ranged from 23C-28 C to 33+C, and the OT level became lower when the climate became colder. The mean OT level was lower for women than for men by 1.7C. The mortality rate at the OT was almost constant across prefectures, regardless of the climate. From the results, we considered that the adaptation effect on the short-term temperature-mortality relationship is mainly described by the 'horizontal shift model': the V-shape moves horizontally according to the climate. This 'shift' should be taken into account in estimating the health effect of global warming, and the model would be useful for the estimation.