Agricultural taxation in developing countries: a survey of issues and policy

This study surveys the experience of agricultural taxation in developing countries in the context of the ongoing policy debate about the tax structure and administration affecting agricultural producers. Using the examples of a number of countries, it analyzes the conceptual and practical problems associated with different tax regimes. Governments in most countries have reduced indirect (export) taxes on agricultural producers. However, the revenue from direct taxes on farmers has not increased. A major problem in most countries has been the measurement of (actual) agricultural income. Different measures for presumed income have been used with varying success. They seem to have the most potential for increased revenue in many countries, but their effective implementation is constrained by the political and administrative considerations.     

论当代中国社会阶层结构变迁与经济现代化

社会阶层结构本质上是经济结构的社会反映和表现形式,经济现代化需要社会阶层结构的现代化。经济现代化的推进促使当代中国的社会阶层结构发生了深刻变化,但后者与经济现代化尚不适应。推动社会阶层结构向现代化转变的关键是发展经济。     

Agricultural higher education in transforming Central and Eastern Europe

The paper discusses the major changes necessary for the agricultural higher education system in Central and Eastern Europe, including the former Soviet Union, to meet the challenges created by overall reforms in the food and agricultural sector as well as the adjustment of the global system of agricultural education. The issues arising from the need for reforms in the agricultural education system are presented in an overview of the inherited features of the system, an assessment of the current situation, a status report on the reform attempts and a discussion of the critical issues for the future.     

Externalities in the agricultural export sector and economic growth: a developing country perspective

For years economists have ignored the diversity in agriculture and its potential to increase long run growth rates by enhancing a country's knowledge base. Non-traditional agriculture requires significant investments in the infrastructure and knowledge; and therefore, has the potential to increase long run growth rates. Policy makers in developing countries have tended to enact macroeconomic policies designed to enhance the manufacturing sector at the expense of the agricultural sector. A theoretical model is developed to explain the dynamics between two non-traditional export sectors and the long run economic growth of the country. The model illustrates that growth in highly perishable agricultural exports, not domestic production of manufactured goods, can potentially lead to higher long run growth rates. The model is applied to the fruit and flower industries in Colombia to bring forth an example with real world relevance.     

The effects of EU agricultural policy changes on farmers' risk attitudes

This analysis utilises a model of production under risk estimatedon Finnish farm-level data to measure farmers' risk attitudesin a changing policy environment. We find evidence of heterogeneousrisk preferences among farmers, as well as notable changes overtime in farmers' degree of risk aversion. This result is dueto the increase in the non-random part of farm income generatedby the policy change after Finland's European Union accession.The analysis confirms the assertion that agricultural policiesthat are decoupled from production do affect input use and cropmix through their effect on farmers' risk attitudes.     

论现代物流中心建设与房地产业现代化

本文阐述物流，物流中心基本概念及其在现代社会经济发展中重要地位，进而首次将物流引入房地产业，论述物流中心建设对于房地产业现代化的必要性与积极作用，并以华南为例就现代房地产物流中心建设进行初步探讨     

农资连锁经营应急机制下车辆调度研究

连锁经营,作为农资流通领域的新模式,逐步取代了原本散乱的农资零售格局。物流配送活动作为连锁经营理念的核心,是农资连锁经营能够成功运作的关键。但由于农业生产对农资产品的特殊要求,当消费者对农资产品有紧急需求,但就近的连锁店铺不能供货时,会给农业生产带来不利影响。本文引入应急概念,构建了应急车辆调度模型,来实现配送中心对企业配送系统内部各节点的库存的协调,使该连锁店能够快速响应消费者需求。     

农产品批发市场购销商客户关系形成机制研究

本文使用实地调查数据,运用Logit模型对农产品批发市场购销商客户关系的形成机制进行了探索性的研究.研究发现,供销两个方面的客户关系相互之间具有显著的正向影响;批发市场提供信息和加入商业协会对购销商建立客户关系没有显著的影响;认为市场内竞争程度越激烈、长期雇工越多的购销商更可能拥有固定供货关系;投入设备价值越大、运营资金越多、社会交往广泛、购销业内亲朋好友越多的购销商更容易建立固定销货关系.     

日本农业问题的结构特征分析

在现代化过程中,日本产业素质层面的农业问题已经解决了,但产业职能和产业开放层面的农业问题还比较突出。日本的经验昭示我们,农业问题展开于农业产业的多个层面,且在不同层面上的展开是非均衡的;农业问题存在于农业发展的多个阶段,且在不同阶段的存在形式是各异的;农业问题导源于经济社会的多种因素,而不仅仅是由农民问题派生而来的。     

Spatial Economic Analysis in Data‐Rich Environments

Controlling for spatial effects in micro‐level studies of consumer and producer behaviour necessitates a range of analytical modifications. These range from modest changes in data collection and the definition of variables to dramatic changes in the modelling of consumer and producer decision‐making. This paper discusses conceptual, empirical and data issues involved in modelling the spatial aspects of economic behaviour in data‐rich environments. Attention is given to established and emerging agricultural economic applications of spatial data and spatial econometric methods at the micro‐scale. Recent applications of individual and household data are featured, including models of land‐use change at the urban–rural interface, agricultural land values, and technological change and technology adoption.