美国社会福利制度的现代化进程

美国社会福利制度的现代化开始是以1935年通过的《社会保障法》为标志的,美国社会福利制度现代化的完成是以林登·约翰逊总统的＂伟大社会＂计划的提出和实施为标志。美国的社会福利制度的现代化有其自己的特点和不足,在西欧社会福利陷入困境的21世纪,美国的社会福利是非常值得研究的。     

当前我国农业生产适度规模经营问题分析

"三农"问题是当前困扰我国城乡统筹发展、实现农业现代化、全面建设小康社会的一个重大问题。在家庭承包制下,农民家庭的土地过于分散、规模太小,已经成为农业现代化的制度性障碍。农业生产的比较效益逐年下降,农业生产兼业化趋势加强、粗放式经营的现象日趋严重,严重影响农业生产的产业化、市场化和现代化,也影响到我国的粮食安全。当前适度规模化经营已经成为农业生产的趋势,可以通过农户承包地互换、转让,村集体反租倒包及土地股份合作制等模式来实现土地合理、有序流转,实现土地资源的优化配置,达到适度规模经营的目标。     

我国法制教育的误区及理念的现代化转向

我国法制教育最初本意是在民众中宣传法制,其主要关涉如何有效地引导民众在生活中健康成长,关怀人的生活意义,具有很强的实践性与人文取向。而法制教育现实中的表现却是知识化,其主要的表征是工具化、客观化的知识理论陈述。由此,理念现代化的转向便成为当前高校法制教育知识化倾向逻辑必然。     

试析中国社会主义和谐社会理论的思想来源

和谐思想古已有之,从东方到西方,从古代到现代,我们都可以找到和谐社会理论的踪影。中国古代关于和谐社会的思想、西方国家的生态社会主义和人的现代化理论以及马克思、恩格斯关于和谐社会的论述都是中国社会主义和谐社会理论的重要思想来源。通过探究这些思想理论来源,为今天构建社会主义和谐社会提供历史的智慧和现实的参考。     

我国农产品市场体系发展存在的主要问题及对策探析

"农业是国民经济的基础",提高我国农业的竞争力对我国农业现代化与农业可持续发展是息息相关的。本文从我国农产品市场发展中存在的问题入手,对问题产生的原因进行了深入细致的分析,并结合国外发展农产品在市场的成功经验,提出我国农产品市场的发展对策。     

Informal barriers and agricultural trade: does monetary integration matter?

EU enlargement and the recent sovereign‐debt crisis of Euro zone countries have revived the debate around the (European Monetary Union) EMU. In this article we ask how informal barriers to agricultural and food trade have changed since the introduction of the common European currency, and whether this evolution can be attributed to monetary integration. We focus on the foreign trade of the 11 EMU founder countries over a nine‐year period covering the creation of the EMU and find a diminishing marginal trade impact of both information and institutional barriers. We find a lower level of trade barriers, but cannot attribute this outcome to the introduction to the Euro.     

Convergence and divergence in regional agricultural productivity growth: evidence from Italian regions, 1951–2002

This article analyzes long‐term agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth at regional level by testing its time‐series properties and identifying factors associated with divergence as opposed to convergence. The empirical application concerns Italian regions over the 1951–2002 time period. TFP growth decomposition ultimately attributes the observed productivity growth performance to these contrasting (convergence vs. divergence) forces. We find that technological spillovers are the key convergence force regardless of how the spillover effects are computed. At the same time, forces favoring convergence are almost offset by divergence forces (mainly scale or learning effects). This decomposition may explain the persistence of TFP growth rate differences in Italian agriculture, and could be applicable elsewhere.     

Temporal and spatial variability of agricultural land loss in relation to policy and accessibility in a low hilly region of southeast China

The temporal and spatial patterns in land use change in a low hilly region in southeast of China was analyzed from maps of converted agricultural land for 1999–2006. The factors driving farm land conversion was analyzed using logistic regression models. The amount of agricultural land loss varied temporally, and the spatial distribution of converted agricultural land patches decreased from low to high altitudes in the study area. Analysis using logistic regression models showed that good accessibility sped up the conversion of agricultural land to other uses, the elevation of a parcel lowered the risk of conversion, and agricultural land conversions are highly correlated with its adjacent or neighboring parcels’ land use, with the probability of being converted decreasing as the distance to nearest construction land increases. In addition, land use policy, especially the land use regulation policy issued by the central government decreased the agricultural land loss, and the more stringent regulation on cultivated land conversion lowered the possibility of conversion from cultivated land to other use.     

MLP框架下农业低碳转型路径的前因组态研究

低碳转型是推动农业可持续发展的重要实践,但现有研究缺乏对农业低碳转型路径的深入探讨。本文在社会-技术转型多层级（MLP）框架基础上,从微观利基层、中观体制层、宏观景观层三方面构建了农业低碳转型的理论模型,并运用必要性分析方法（NCA）和模糊集定性比较分析法（fsQCA）对中国31个省份（因数据缺失,不包含港澳台地区）案例数据进行分析,以探究农业低碳转型路径的前因组态。研究发现：(1)预设的6个前因条件均不构成高/低水平农业低碳转型的必要条件;(2)存在5条驱动高水平农业低碳转型的路径,具体分为两组,分别是“数字基础+数字金融”主导模式,“科研人力+机械投入”主导模式;(3)中国东中西部的农业低碳转型路径存在明显差异。研究不仅深化了对农业低碳转型理论机制的认识,也为农业低碳转型工作提供了政策建议和实践指导。     

多哈回合中的农业问题对中国的影响

多哈回合的谈判结果对于多边贸易体制的稳定、经济全球化的进程、贸易自由化给各成员国带来的福利增进而言,具有极其重要的意义。世贸组织承诺,多哈回合要给发展中国家带来真正的好处。作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国所受到的影响更是引人注目。