Industry Update: Airlines

Recent developments in the airline industry are notable in three respects. A rising tide of concentration, which is accelerating and expanding through a proliferation of alliances among major carriers at home and abroad; a recurring resort to predatory pricing by the majors which continues to subvert competition by low-cost independents; and an intensification of the tacitly collusive, noncompetitive pricing behavior expected to emerge in such a highly concentrated structural milieu.     

未来我国民法典中合伙立法模式的构想

本文通过对传统民法关于合伙的立法模式和1966年的<法国民法典>等法典对传统合伙立法的修正,以及我国学理上合伙立法的三种模式进行评析,认为组织型合伙是民事主体,应当规定在民法典总则中,其他类型的合伙应由合同法来调整.在民法典中引入非法人组织概念,民事主体分为三类:自然人,法人和包括合伙在内的非法人组织.     

Who survives? A cross-country comparison

How capital structure, dividend policy, and corporate governance vary across countries has been the focus of recent studies, but how resources are reallocated in response to poor performance has not received as much attention. This paper argues that the market for corporate control and the formal bankruptcy/liquidation processes of a country are two key mechanisms through which corporate assets are reallocated. Ideally, an economy would only allow the best users of economic resources to retain the right to use those assets and any sub-optimal use would result in either a take-over by a more proficient owner or an asset sale. We present evidence that equity market delistings occur more frequently in countries with strong shareholder rights. Furthermore, both strong creditor and shareholder rights increase the use of bankruptcy, relative to acquisitions, as a mechanism to resolve financial distress. We also present some evidence that these mechanisms are not as effective in Japan.     

“物权法定原则”的理论反思与制度完善

物权类型封闭原则起源于潘德克顿法学,其本意只是限制私法自治,并无限制物权法律渊源的意图。东亚地区的物权法定原则是物权类型封闭原则的亚类型,即在物权类型封闭原则的基础上,附加限制了物权法律渊源。物权类型封闭原则的形式合理性在于对物债二分体系的维护,其实质合理性则主要在于保障财物的可流通性与交易安全,同时也发挥着公共政策功能。虽然在公示制度逐渐完善的情况下,物权类型封闭的交易安全保障功能已经减弱,但其在体系维护和公共政策方面仍然发挥着无可替代的功能。已经实行物权类型封闭原则的国家并无改采物权自由创设的必要,同时物权自由创设本身包含的制度风险也削弱了其可行性。我国的民法体系、登记制度现状以及特殊国情决定了未来民法典应当维持物权法定原则,但物权法律渊源应当与民法法律渊源保持一致。立法机关应当对物权法定原则的规范表达进行完善,并对相关制度做出妥善安排。     

论经济法的核心范畴:国家经济调节权

国家经济调节权是随着国家经济调节职能的产生而产生、区别于行政权的一种国家权力形态.该权力的行使应遵守调节法定、调节民主、经济效益、社会效益、服从国际经济调节原则,其具体的行使方式将随着市场缺陷具体类型的变化而不断变化.社会民众经济权力对该权力的制约是一种根本性的制约.要通过法律制度的构建,维护社会民众的基本经济权利和建立相应的社会民众参与机制、监督机制.     

分类适度管制:中国政府管制结构的重构

目前中国的政府管制面对的主要问题是行政垄断以及管制结构的不合理。因此,中国政府管制改革,不是"放松管制"的问题,而是管制结构重构的问题:一方面要转变原来计划体制的管理体制、管理办法和管理方式,逐步消除行政垄断;另一方面要转变管制重点实行分类管制,即根据垄断性产业的业务进行划分实施放松管制的政策;并根据不同产业以及同一产业不同时期选择实施放松管制政策。     

The Microsoft Antitrust Case

This paper analyzes the law and economics of United States v. Microsoft, a landmark case of antitrust intervention in network industries. The United States Department of Justice and 19 States sued Microsoft alleging (i) that it monopolized the market for operating systems of personal computers and took anti-competitive actions to illegally maintain its monopoly; (ii) that it attempted to monopolize the market for Internet browsers because such browsers would create competition for operating systems; (iii) that it bundled its browser (Internet Explorer) with Windows; and that it engaged in a number of other anti-competitive exclusionary arrangements with computer manufacturers, Internet service providers, and content providers attempting to thwart the distribution of Netscapes browser. The District Court Judge found in most points for the plaintiffs and ordered the breakup of Microsoft into two companies, one with all the operating systems software, and one with all other products of the company. The District Court also imposed a number of severe restrictions on the business conduct of Microsoft. We analyze the economic issues related to liability. We also analyze the applicability and effectiveness of the remedies imposed by the District Court and contrast them with other potential remedies.     

跨国公司策略性联盟对我国技术进步影响的实证分析

文章从技术垄断和技术扩散两个角度考察了1985-2003年跨国公司策略性联盟对我国技术进步的影响。实证结果表明,国内研发和策略性联盟产生的研发溢出对我国技术水平的提高具有显著的促进效应,而策略性联盟产生的技术垄断则阻碍了我国的技术进步,但这种作用并不显著。因此,我国应采取加大研发投入、加强与跨国公司的合作以及与之建立纵向的策略性联盟等措施,以有效地利用跨国公司策略性联盟来促进我国的技术进步和经济增长。     

银行垄断及其市场势力研究

文章从产业组织理论的角度,把银行业的多产品性、产品的服务性等特征引入所建立的理论模型,得出了垄断银行的相应定价行为以及银行市场势力相应的表现形式.总体而言,银行市场势力仍然具有正负两面的双重效应.对中国银行业市场势力的特殊表现形式的分析表明:中国银行业的低效率的关键的因素可能不是市场结构的集中,而主要是国有银行的行政性市场势力所至.     

试论刑法信条学

大陆法系的刑法体系可以说是对一个个刑法信条加以整理、整序而成的信条学体系。刑法信条学有其特定的意义和功能。由于真正信条的实定法依据的尴尬，仅靠真正信条尚无法构筑起犯罪论体系，只有不真正信条与真正信条一道才能构筑起刑法信条学体系。然而，刑法信条学也有其不足，需要我们推进对刑法哲学的思考。