论WTO反倾销司法审查条款及其借鉴

WTO《反倾销守则》第13条规定了"司法审查"制度,这一规定在世贸组成员国的国内反倾销法中普遍确立了司法审查制度。中国采取"转化"的方式将该规定的内容以国内立法的形式完成了作为世贸组织成员国应尽的国际义务。借鉴欧美国家的经验而实施这一系列的立法过程对法治原则的贯彻和独立司法审查的建立和完善对我国司法审查制度,特别是在保障该制度的独立性方面起到了十分重要的作用。其主要表现在从程序正义和实质正义两个方面对西方司法审查概念在中国反倾销司法审查制度中的融入。     

Antidumping and Plant Closure

As an indicator of ‘material injury’ in antidumping petitions, companies often claim plant closings have been caused by unfairly‐traded imports or threaten plant closings if no relief is provided. This paper analyzes a sample of 91 companies involved in US antidumping proceedings in the 2002 to 2005 period to examine the determinants of plant closing activity with particular emphasis on the role of the antidumping process in the timing of plant closing announcements. We find that larger firms and firms in declining sectors are more likely to close plants, and that the prize of Byrd Amendment funds may help keep plants in operation (especially for smaller firms for whom these funds are likely to be more important). However, there does not appear to be a consistent and significant relationship between antidumping petitions and the timing of plant closings.     

The Effectiveness of Antidumping Measures: Some Evidence for Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Counterfactual simulations of a partial equilibrium model of the world salmon market suggest safeguard tariffs imposed by the European Commission on salmon imports from Norway, Chile, and the Faroe Islands would do more to punish producers in the named exporting countries than to reward United Kingdom producers. The reason is that export supply is less elastic than import demand on a bilateral basis, which means that most of the tariff's incidence is borne by the targeted producers rather than EU consumers. The incidence problem is exacerbated by the feed quota (now biomass limit) that Norway uses to limit its production. A marketing fee that expands market demand is shown to be less distortionary than its tariff equivalent, and thus may be preferred from a second‐best perspective.     

日本反倾销政策及其特点探析

日本是世界上最早实施反倾销制度的国家之一，其反倾销政策具有自身的特点。同时，在美国和欧盟等发达国家或地区纷纷采用反倾销手段保护本国产业、国际反倾销摩擦愈演愈烈的大背景下，同为发达国家的日本却很少发起反倾销调查。本文从日本反倾销政策的基本内容出发，考察了日本反倾销政策及其实践的特点，并分析了形成这些特点的相关原因。     

反倾销:需要重新认识的几个问题

目前 ,反倾销应诉和诉讼已成为我国企业参与国际竞争必须研究的新课题。本文通过对中国大量反倾销案例的分析研究 ,提出了人们对反倾销认识的五个误区 ,以期对人们正确认识反倾销有所帮助。     

Strategic Behaviour under European Antidumping Duties

In this paper we develop a dynamic two-period model of imperfect competition to analyse the effects of European antidumping duties on firm behaviour and domestic welfare. Our model is one of the first to complement the European empirical literature on antidumping policy and can usefully be compared with papers dealing with the effects of US antidumping policy. We arrive at three important conclusions: (a) the strategic behaviour of European firms under European antidumping rules may run in the opposite direction compared to the incentives for US firms provided under the US antidumping rules; (b) US antidumping rules perform better than European rules in terms of domestic welfare and in terms of protecting domestic value added and employment; (c) the Strategic Trade Policy argument for protection need not apply for antidumping duties because the level of protection is endogenously determined by the firms involved.     

美国对华反倾销的统计分析

1980—2005年间,美国越来越重视对华反倾销措施的使用,美国对华反倾销案件涉及的行业比较集中,钢铁业、化工业和机电业这三个行业被诉次数最多,而涉及这三个行业的案件的裁定结果却存在着较大的差异。     

WTO反倾销法律制度的最新改革成果探析

WTO规则谈判工作组的主席加尔米斯先生于2007年11月30日公布了一份有关《反倾销协定》的修订草案,这是多哈回合反倾销规则谈判所取得的最新成果,同时也构成了下一阶段谈判的基础和出发点。该草案在归零法、因果关系认定、反规避、日落复审等方面提出了重要的修订意见,并试图协调成员方的不同立场和利益。我们应理性地评估该草案的意义。     

Heterogeneous responses of firms to trade protection

This paper estimates the effect of antidumping protection on the productivity of domestic import-competing firms. Two key results emerge. First, the productivity of the average firm receiving protection moderately improves, but this is never sufficient to close the productivity gap with firms never involved in antidumping cases. Second, allowing for firm heterogeneity reveals that domestic firms with relatively low initial productivity - laggard firms - have productivity gains during protection, while firms with high initial productivity - frontier firms - experience productivity losses during protection. These results are consistent with recent theories showing that trade policy affects firms differently depending on their initial productivity.     

欧盟反倾销政策特征及涉案企业战略行为分析

在分析欧盟反倾销政策的基础上,建立一个两阶段动态竞争模型,对进口国和出口国企业在反倾销博弈中的战略行为及其动机进行了分析。在此分析基础上可得,当中国企业遭遇欧盟反倾销措施时,需要在调查期间减少出口量．欧盟企业在反倾销税的影响下为追求利润最大化会改变产出,中国企业应关注欧盟企业的战略行为以对抗其反倾销措施,为中国企业应对欧盟反倾销措施提出了对策建议。