Assessment of implementation of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning in Poland

A complex of raw materials available in a given commune shapes its functional − spatial structure and affects local economic development. The use of the resource base of minerals depends largely on the management of the space and respecting the zoning restrictions connected with protection of mineral deposits. The urgent need to protect them is due to their non-renewable nature and progressive development of the land. Preserving access to deposits is essential to ensure future mineral supply necessary for the economic development. This article presents the results of the assessment of implementation of rules of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning at the level of territorial units in Poland.The study has been conducted in twenty-three communes of the Lesser Poland voivodeship, for thirty-one unexploited mineral deposits designated for protection in the Spatial Development Plan of the Lesser Poland (Małopolskie) Voivodeship of 2003. In the study of conflict with development of the selected mineral deposits with the environment, factors related to land use, forms of nature protection, water conservation and planned land development have been evaluated. The assessment has taken into account the importance of individual factors of conflict by giving them weights by means of pairwise comparison method. Five classes of conflict of the deposit management have been proposed: non-conflicting deposit, small conflict, medium conflict, major conflict and very big conflict. Almost equal numbers of deposits (9) belong to the class characterized by a of medium, small and large conflicts. Road and technical projects as well as expected significant impact of exploitation on the environment restrain exploitation. The impact is related to the necessity of use of explosives during the exploitation and by the cumulative effect of the mining activity already existing nearby. Analysis of the planning documents of the communes has shown both inadequate protection of mineral resources, including designation of areas of deposits for single-family housing, and a few examples of properly maintained spatial planning in the field of protection of mineral deposits. Information obtained from the environmental survey has been supplemented by assessment of the social aspect. In nine communes it has been determined that the areas of mineral deposits are not subject to spatial conflicts but in seven communes there is opposite situation. The most important benefits from the mineral exploitation which has been indicated in the studied documents included: jobs, access to construction materials and development of the commune.Present work allowed to define the areas and the scale of conflicts induced by development of mineral deposits and to propose measures for rational management of mineral resources. Recognition of the existing and potential conflicts can help to make the right decisions concerning development of the area and minimising impacts of exploitation of the mineral deposits.     

非金融支付机构信息安全风险评估模型研究

针对非金融支付机构信息安全管理相对薄弱这一现状,本文以信息安全管理国际标准ISO27001为理论基础,根据非金融支付机构的业务运作模式、信息化基础设施建设及运维模式的特点,通过分析资产、脆弱性、威胁以及风险等关键要素间的相互关系,采用定性和定量评估相结合的方式,从而形成一套较为完善的非金融支付机构信息安全风险评估模型,为人民银行进一步加强非金融支付机构技术监管,保障金融稳定提供科学的方法论支持。     

高校财务风险评价与预警

随着我国高等教育事业的改革和发展,越来越多的高校开始扩大招生、建设新校区、举债经营、开办企业等,这使得高校的财务管理工作日益复杂,财务风险日趋显现.因此,高校需要加强财务管理,提高资金使用效率,防范财务风险,从而实现国有资产的保值与增值.本文参考企业财务风险评价与预警方法,结合高校财务风险的特殊性,将财务指标与非财务指标结合使用,共同构成风险评价体系,并在此基础上运用层次分析法（AHP）建立高校财务预警模型,以期提高高校财务管理水平.     

Diagnosing a firm's internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship

Apple, 3M, Procter & Gamble, and Google know the importance of an internal environment supportive of innovative activity. But how is that environment identified or measured? As research on corporate entrepreneurial activity has evolved, numerous researchers have acknowledged the importance of internal organizational dimensions to promoting and supporting an environment for innovation. This research has identified five specific dimensions that are important determinants of an environment conducive to entrepreneurial behavior: (1) top management support, (2) work discretion/autonomy, (3) rewards/reinforcement, (4) time availability, and (5) organizational boundaries. If an organization is serious about developing an internal environment conducive to entrepreneurial activity, then it must seek to measure the specific dimensions associated with an innovative environment. In this article we introduce an instrument, the Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument (CEAI), as a diagnostic tool used for assessing managers’ perceptions of the five major dimensions critical to creating an entrepreneurial/innovative environment. This instrument provides an indication of a firm's likelihood of being able to successfully implement an innovative strategy, and highlights areas of the internal work environment that should be the focus of ongoing development efforts.     

基于GIS的口岸城市建设用地适宜性评价——以黑龙江省绥芬河市为例

以绥芬河市为例,构建了口岸城市建设用地适宜性评价的指标体系和综合评价模型,并利用层次分析法确定各因子的权重,以减少主观因素的影响。最后根据综合适宜性分值把绥芬河市土地划分四个等级:高度适宜、中度适宜、低度适宜、不适宜。此研究为土地规划学者进行建设用地用地评价提供一定程度可行的方法。     

中日绿色建筑发展的对比研究

日本的绿色建筑建设先于我国,有许多可借鉴之处。本文首先对比了中日经济发展、建筑业发展、建筑能耗等与建筑相关的基本国情。分析得知：两国经济处在不同的发展阶段,国情不同;1996-2008年,中国各类建筑面积增长了74.5%,而日本减少了56.2%;2007年与1996年相比,中国的单位面积公共建筑能耗增加了20%,而日本减少4.41%。进而,重点分析了中日绿色建筑发展的历程、绿色建筑的定义及内涵、评价标准等方面的异同。认为：日本绿色建筑的建设起步较早,但我国的发展速度很快;两国绿色建筑的定义描述虽有些不同,但内涵基本一致;评价标准的种类存在差异,评价内容相近,评分方法、定级方式、表示方式有所不同。最后,根据中国国情,提出了加强宣传普及工作、提高全民意识和公众认知度、加大激励政策力度等借鉴日本成功经验的几点建议,以期对我国推进绿色建筑的发展有所帮助。     

汶川地震灾后重建理论述评

收录在"中国知网"上的、探讨汶川地震灾后重建的文章显示,目前灾后重建理论有如下特点:1、坚持以科学发展观为重建指导思想,坚持可持续发展的重建原则;2、将灾后重建视为灾区发展的契机,表达了迎难而上的乐观精神;3、灾后重建理论视野广阔,对灾后产业集群的新模式进行了探索,对不同区域空间的重建做出了积极思考;4、灾后重建理论关...     

商业银行信贷管理体制和考核机制对信贷行为的影响

信贷管理体制和考核机制是金融改革进程中值得高度重视的问题。基于行为金融学分析,我国现行信贷管理体制和考核机制存在着潜在风险。应改革现行的信贷组织结构,建立起专业化、技术型和不受行政影响的较独立的信贷管理体制,进一步健全信贷管理约束和激励机制,并引导银行积极践行社会责任。     

国外棕(褐)色地块风险评价研究经验的借鉴与启示

研究目的:综述国外棕(褐)色地块风险评价的研究成果。研究方法:文献分析法和理论分析法。研究结果:(1)棕(褐)色地块风险评价具有必要性和重要性;(2)棕(褐)色地块风险评价方法应该综合考虑棕(褐)色地块存在风险的多样性和不确定性;(3)确定性风险评价和概率风险评价各自存在优缺点,应综合利用两种方法,即敏感性分析。研究结论:研究棕(褐)色地块风险评价对中国现实状况具有重要意义。     

海峡两岸农产品贸易指标评估

农产品是两岸贸易的重要组成部分,其基本动力来自农业资源禀赋差异和市场竞争因素。本文拟就两岸农产品贸易结合度、贸易竞争力、显示性比较优势等三个指标,对两岸农产品各自市场竞争优势进行技术评估,为探讨两岸农产品贸易前景和贸易政策制定提供参考。