Farmers' Preference for Farming: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Farm Survey in India

Using data from a nationally representative farm survey in India, we have analyzed Indian farmers' stated preference for farming as a profession. Findings show that more than 40% of farmers dislike farming as a profession because of low profits, high risk, and lack of social status, yet they continue with it owing to a lack of opportunities outside agriculture. Farmers who express a preference for moving out of agriculture are mostly those with small landholdings, poor irrigation facilities, fewer productive assets including livestock, and follow a cereal‐centric cropping pattern. They also have relatively lower access to credit, insurance, and information, and are weakly integrated with social networks such as self‐help groups and farmers' organizations. Importantly, the disinclination for farming, conditional on other covariates, is not significantly differentiated by caste, an important indicator of social status in rural India. Yet, within a caste group, the dislike for farming moderates with larger landholdings.     

Firm Heterogeneity and Export Pricing in India

We examine export pricing by Indian manufacturing firms in the early 2000s using a unique data set that matches firm characteristics with product and destination‐level trade data. We find that, in contrast to China and other countries, firm productivity is negatively associated with export prices, and export prices are negatively associated with distance while positively associated with remoteness. Our conjecture is that Indian innovation costs, which are higher than China's, drive down the scope for quality differentiation causing a negative association between productivity and prices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence consistent with heterogenous goods and short quality ladders, a theoretical possibility noted in the study by Antoniades (2012), an outcome that arises here because of domestic Indian economic and regulatory features.     

X5CrNi18-10奥氏体不锈钢焊接工艺研究

X5CrNi18-10是一种奥氏体不锈热强钢,具有良好的使用性能和焊接性,但如果焊接参数选取不当或焊工操作不注意,很容易出现晶间腐蚀和热裂纹等缺陷。文章论述了取得良好X5CrNi18-10焊接接头的工艺及其原理。     

继电保护在农村1OkV电网线路的应用

继电保护技术随着电力系统的发展而不断发展,它为电力系统运行提供了安全保障,是提高供电质量、减少事故损失最直接有效的手段.目前我国农村电网发展现状不容乐观,继电保护技术的引入为农村电网发展注入了新的活力.文中主要分析了继电保护技术在农村10kV电网线路中的应用及其应注意的问题等,以促进我国农村电网健康的发展.     

论办公自动化系统的改造与推进

本文对公司办公自动化系统的需求进行了详细的分析,并提出了基于WEB的办公自动化(OA)系统的设计与实现,总结了其主要特点。     

10kV配电线路接地故障原因及有效预防措施

配电线路是电网的基础设施,其故障发生频率较高并且涉及的原因也比较广泛。文章主要介绍了10 kV配电线路中单相接地的故障类型及发生原因,并阐述了一定的预防措施和处理方法以及新技术和新设备在该方面的应用。     

10kV开关柜电气故障分析与处理

10 kV开关柜在运行中经常会出现电气故障,造成经济上的严重损失,为了保证设备安全运作,降低故障所造成的损害,要有效地做好开关柜电气故障的检测和预防。文章针对10 kV开关柜出现的电气故障,探讨故障出现的原因并给予了相关的处理策略。     

浅析基于B2B模式的电子商务的发展

电子商务是指以互联网为整体架构,网络交易为主要内容,交易双方为主体,网上支付为手段,网络客户数据库为依托的全新的商务运作模式.我们着重分析基于B2B模式的电子商务在未来的巨大发展前景.     

Agriculture production versus biodiversity protection: The impact of North-South unconditional transfers

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether international income transfers can improve or worsen the global level of biodiversity and global social welfare by changing the relative contributions to biodiversity protection and to agricultural production. Because of the public good nature of biodiversity, Warr's neutrality theorem suggests that such transfers may have no effects at all (Warr, 1983). A model is developed, based on the simplifying assumption that northern countries have little biodiversity whereas southern countries are endowed with natural capital in the form of (generally unspoilt) biodiversity-rich land. Southern countries allocate optimally land and capital to two competing productive activities, agriculture and eco-tourism. When transfers are organized from the North to the South, we show that Warr's neutrality theorem collapses. Transfers can either reduce or increase the natural capital in the South, depending on some empirically verifiable hypotheses concerning the characteristics of the eco-tourism and agricultural production functions. In addition, we demonstrate that welfare improvements can be obtained even with reductions in the level of biodiversity.