Global cities: A multi-disciplinary review and research agenda

Multinational enterprise (MNE) location decisions are central to international business (IB) scholarship and research shows that global cities are key MNE investment locations. Despite growing awareness of their importance to MNEs, most literature on global cities resides outside the IB domain. To provide IB scholars with a foundation to advance global city research, we conduct a multi-disciplinary review of top journal articles organized into three themes: the nature of global cities, MNE strategic decisions in global cities, and outcomes of MNE investment in global cities. We use this framework to synthesize findings, discuss theoretical implications, and provide future research directions.     

社会资本视角下开放式创新平台用户行为研究

近年来，随着用户创新的不断发展，开放式创新平台越来越多地被企业用于收集用户创意。但目前，国内开放式创新平台实施状况并不理想，相关领域研究也存在空白。以美创平台为例，借助社会资本理论，采用社交网络分析方法对美创平台现有数据进行分析，挖掘平台认知性资本和结构性资本，并根据不同用户在交互过程中展现的特征（发布的创意数、对其他用户的评论数以及收到的评论数）对其进行分类。根据研究结果，将美创平台所有用户分成6类，并对美创平台提出相关建议，包括用户激励措施及管理策略。最后，对未来用户互动动机方面的研究进行了展望。     

金融支持贫困县县域经济发展情况调研——以广西隆安县为例

如何发展与壮大贫困县的县域经济,是需要我们思考的问题.本文以国家贫困县广西隆安县为例,深刻分析金融支持县域经济发展中存在的问题,从金融机构和经济环境两方面对金融如何支持贫困县县域经济发展作一些探索.     

维稳压力对基层法院组织形态的形塑

维稳压力是形塑中国法院组织形态的重要因素。在维稳工作中,基层法院与地方党政系统形成紧密的互需关系。一方面,基层法院通过行使审判职能和延伸审判职能的方式参与地方维稳工作;另一方面,在案件审理执行以及涉诉信访工作中,基层法院也需要地方党政系统的支持。在维稳压力的影响下,基层法院的组织形态进行了调适,形成以案件属性转化、责任体系再造、组织运行重构为主要内容的运作机制。经过调适的组织形态在很大程度上提升了基层法院应对维稳问题的能力,不过法官独立行权空间受到一定程度的限缩。在基础性社会矛盾突出的转型期,基层法院组织形态的建构与运行依然会建立在对维稳压力审慎考量的基础之上。     

基础研究与应用研究对地区经济高质量发展的异质性作用——基于“中等收入陷阱风险”视角

当前,内外部环境改变导致经济增速放缓,中国面临陷入“中等收入陷阱”风险,以创新驱动实现经济高质量发展越发重要。以经济效率提升与经济动能转换综合衡量经济高质量发展水平,使用2001—2017年中国省际面板数据,实证检验基础研究与应用研究对中国经济高质量发展的异质性影响。结果发现：①基础研究与应用研究均有利于经济效率提升,只有基础研究显著促进经济动能转换;②东中西部地区收入水平存在差距,基础研究对经济高质量发展存在阶梯式地区异质性影响,即对东部地区经济效率有显著促进作用,对中部地区无显著影响,对西部地区有显著抑制作用,且仅对东部地区经济动能转换具有显著促进作用,但应用研究无显著地区异质性影响;③基础研究存在显著门槛效应,只有达到一定收入水平,基础研究才会促进地区经济高质量发展;④为实现2025年前后顺利跨越“中等收入陷阱”,未来中国基础研究投入年均增幅需保持在［24.7%,29.3%］区间。     

新加坡的“卓越研究中心”计划

新加坡的“卓越研究中心”计划是新加坡政府的一项长期投资计划,其宗旨是依托已有的学术力量和学科基础,在新加坡的大学创建世界水平的研究中心。新加坡教育部和国家研究基金会共同投资7.5亿新元,计划用10年的时间培养出5个世界一流的研究中心。卓越研究中心实行董事会领导下的中心主任负责制,聘用了大批具有较强国际影响力的外国研究人员,为新加坡优势领域的发展和下一代人才培养发挥了重要作用。通过对新加坡“卓越研究中心”计划的设计、实施及评审过程的概述,探讨新加坡卓越研究中心的运作方式及成效,以期为我国引进、使用世界一流科技人才,建设卓越研究基地,提供有益借鉴。     

美国2013-2017年北极研究计划

当前,北极地区面临着越来越大的经济、环境和文化挑战,成为科学研究的重点,以更好地应对气候变化。为此,美国跨部门北极研究政策联合委员会（IARPC）根据法律制定了2013-2017年北极研究计划,确定了今后5年北极研究重点,力争美国在未来保持北极研究的领先地位。该计划重点围绕以下7个研究领域,分别是：海冰与海洋生态系统研究、陆冰与生态系统研究、地表热量、能量以及质量平衡的大气研究、观测系统研究、区域气候模型研究、区域可持续发展的气候适应工具研究、人类健康研究等。     

Public Technology Infrastructure,R&D Sourcing,and Research Joint Ventures

In this paper, we define public technology infrastructure to mean public resources that bring new R&D into existence. Examples are public research that yields knowledge spillovers and government contracts that broker new research. Using this definition we explore the effect of public infrastructure on cooperative R&D, especially R&D sourcing and research joint ventures (RJVs). Our findings strongly suggest that public infrastructure promotes cooperative R&D. We begin by studying the role of federal laboratories in R&D sourcing by private laboratories, finding that sourcing increases as a result. Then we examine patents arising from RJVs sponsored by the Advanced Technology Program (ATP). We find that R&D subsidies as well as difficulty and novelty increase patents produced by the RJVs. Contractual oversight by ATP has no direct effect but an indirect effect appears to exist, since firms value ATP oversight more highly for more difficult and novel projects, and these produce more patents.     

Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement

Abstract

Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a particular challenge for reporting. There is also a need to consolidate and update existing guidelines and promote their use in a user-friendly manner. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement is an attempt to consolidate and update previous health economic evaluation guidelines efforts into one current, useful reporting guidance. The primary audiences for the CHEERS statement are researchers reporting economic evaluations and the editors and peer reviewers assessing them for publication.

?The need for new reporting guidance was identified by a survey of medical editors. A list of possible items based on a systematic review was created. A two round, modified Delphi panel consisting of representatives from academia, clinical practice, industry, government, and the editorial community was conducted. Out of 44 candidate items, 24 items and accompanying recommendations were developed. The recommendations are contained in a user-friendly, 24-item checklist. A copy of the statement, accompanying checklist, and this report can be found on the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluations Publication Guidelines Task Force website (www.ispor.org/TaskForces/EconomicPubGuidelines.asp).

?The hope is that CHEERS will lead to better reporting and, ultimately, better health decisions. To facilitate dissemination and uptake, the CHEERS statement is being co-published across 10 health economics and medical journals. Other journals and groups are encouraged to endorse CHEERS. The author team plans to review the checklist for an update in 5 years.     

Attention All Shoppers,Queer Customers in Aisle Two: Investigating Lesbian and Gay Discrimination in the Marketplace

In this paper, drawing on epistemologies in social and behavioral sciences, we discuss the tenuous social-cultural climate of sexual minorities within markets. Discourses across disciplines address the socio-political and cultural evolution of sexual minorities, most notably self-identified and out lesbians and gay men. Yet, consumptive and marketing spheres offer mixed metaphors about the value and desirability of lesbians and gays, and often work to enact the homophobic at an institutional level. We review research on homonegative bias and heteronormativity within psychological and sociological domains, and then illustrate how homonegativity toward perceived lesbians and gays is structurally enacted within the marketplace. We posit four methodological strategies that may be used to further research queries in these domains, and comment on the ethical parameters of using deception to investigate discriminatory behavior against (perceived) lesbians and gay men.