Technological knowledge as an essential facility

The economics of regulation has articulated the notions of essential facility and mandated interconnection. Their application to the governance of technological knowledge can be fruitful especially when implemented by the adoption of a compensatory liability rule and the parallel reduction in the exclusivity of patents. Because knowledge is at the same time an output and an input in the production of new knowledge, exclusivity, traditionally associated to patents, is the cause of actual knowledge rationing with major drawbacks in terms of both static and dynamic efficiency. This institutional innovation can improve the governance of technological knowledge and increase both its rates of dissemination and generation.

Property rights and information flows: a simulation approach

With the growth of the information economy, the proportion of knowledge-intensive goods to total goods is constantly increasing. Lessig (The future of ideas: the fate of the commons in a connected world. Vintage, New York 2001) has argued that IPRs have now become too favourable to existing producers and that their ‘winner-take-all’ characteristics are constraining the creators of tomorrow. In this paper we look at how variations in IPRs regimes might affect the creation and social cost of new knowledge in economic systems. Drawing on a conceptual framework, the Information Space or I-Space to explore how the uncontrollable diffusibility of knowledge relates to its degree of structure, we deploy an agent-based modelling approach to explore the issue of IPRs. We take the ability to control the diffusibility of knowledge as a proxy measure for an ability to establish property rights in such knowledge. Second, we take the rate of obsolescence of knowledge as a proxy measure for the degree of turbulence induced by different regimes of technical change. Then we simulate the quantity and cost to society of new knowledge under different property right regimes.

数字化转型研究知识结构与热点趋势

随着信息通信技术的渗透扩散,数字化转型已成为重要研究方向之一,把握数字化转型研究热点和趋势,可为未来研究提供指引和参考。针对WOS数据库935篇文献,运用CiteSpaceV进行可视化分析,探索数字化转型领域的知识结构、热点和趋势。结果表明,数字化转型研究高产国家为美国、德国和英国,高产机构为哥本哈根商学院、瓦萨大学、麻省理工学院等,《TechnologicalForecastingandSocialChange》是发表文章最多的期刊,研究热点包括“信息技术、组织变革和绩效”、“工业4.0和数字化转型”与“商业模式创新”等。关键词突现分析表明,以客户为中心的商业模式创新和新的价值创造方式是新趋势。最后,从前因—过程—结果三方面提出数字化转型研究内容框架与未来展望。     

论“互惠性”假设对“经济人”假设的非理性冲击——基于委托代理模型的分析

互惠性偏好是行为经济理论中的一个重要研究领域,对传统的理性＂经济人＂假设提出了现实性的挑战。借助于激励理论中的委托--代理模型,通过互惠性假设下与＂经济人＂假设下的博弈均衡解的对比分析可知,新古典体系中的最优契约均衡存在着帕累托改进的可能。互惠性行为下的经济收益可以大于自利性行为下的经济收益,经济个体可以通过经济行为的调整与分配机制的变更来获取更大的利益,并促进组织利益、群体利益与社会利益的扩张。研究表明,长期在经济理论中居于主导地位＂经济人＂假设在现代经济社会中的实践性日渐衰退,包括＂互惠性＂假设在内的非理性假设存在着较高的现实意义。互惠性理论的提出不仅动摇了传统经济理论的基础,也促进了管理理论与管理行为的变革。互惠性理论从一个侧面为行为经济学提供了坚实的理论基础,巩固了行为经济学在现代经济理论中的卓越性地位。     

新加坡实施以知识为基础、创新为驱动的国家战略

本文描述了新加坡建设以知识为基础、创新为驱动国家所做的努力,尤其是受世界金融危机冲击的2010年间所出台的重大举措。在第四个科技五年计划结束、第五个科技五年计划即将启动的关键时刻,新加坡总结了前五年推动科技进步的成就,决定采取增加R＆D投入,到2015年把新加坡R＆D总支出提高到占GDP的3．5％等综合措施,并继续强力推行国家研究一创新一创业战略。     

基于SNS的企业群体知识创新交互研究

群体知识创新是目前知识创新发展的重要方式,SNS为促进知识创新提供了虚拟网络环境。本文介绍了SNS的特点,分析了当前技术环境下群体学习模式的变化以及群体交互学习与企业知识创新的关系,提出了企业群体行为的概念结构,构建了基于SNS的群体学习交互机制。     

Chinese dietary culture influences consumers' intention to use imported soy‐based dietary supplements: an application of the theory of planned behaviour

The over‐saturated dietary supplement (DS) market in developed countries such as the US spurs the need for foreign market expansion, and the Chinese market provides a great potential for the foreign soy‐based DS industry. This study examined Chinese consumers' intention to use imported (US‐made US‐brand) soy‐based DS based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Two alternative models were also examined in which Chinese dietary culture variables, including soyfoods favourability and dining‐out sociability, as well as their interactions with attitudes, were integrated into the TPB model. A cross‐sectional, self‐administered survey was conducted with a sample of 215 subjects (137 females; 78 males) in Shanghai, China. The TPB variables attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and behavioural intention, as well as the Chinese dietary culture variables: soyfoods favourability and dine‐out sociability were measured. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the three models. The statistical results indicated that all three models were statistically significant to predict intention (Model 1: R² = 0.473, P < 0.001; Model 2: R² = 0.505, P < 0.001; Model 3: R² = 0.525, P < 0.001). The results also showed that attitude, perceived behavioural control, and dine‐out sociability were significant (positive) determinants of intention. Soyfoods favourability acted a significant (negative) moderator of the relationship between attitude and intention. Subjective norm had no significant impact on intention. In conclusion, the TPB model was useful to predict Chinese consumers' intention to use imported soy‐based DS, but not all the TPB components weighed significantly in exploring DS consumption in China. The selected Chinese dietary culture variables were much more important predictors than subjective norm. This study makes a significant contribution in the application of the TPB model and in market strategy development for imported dietary supplements in China.     

企业知识类型及其相关研究

随着知识经济的兴起,知识管理受到越来越广泛的关注。作为提高企业核心竞争能能力的重要资源,隐性知识愈发显示其重要性。本文介绍了显性知识与隐性知识的研究现状,分析了现阶段隐性知识研究存在的问题,最后从组织管理、隐性知识交流环境、员工隐性知识挖掘、隐性知识传播等宏观和微观两个方面提出了隐性知识研究中存在问题的解决办法。     

投资者关注与IPO异象——来自网络搜索量的经验证据

利用谷歌趋势提供的搜索量数据,本文构建了一个投资者关注的直接衡量指标,在此基础上,运用行为金融学里投资者关注的理论,系统解释了IPO市场存在的三种异象。与文献中常见的其他解释变量相比,本文发现IPO前个股网络搜索量对于市场热销程度、首日超额收益和长期表现有更好的解释力和预测力,它可以解释首日超额收益的23%,长期累积收益率的10%以上,结果均十分显著。研究结果表明,投资者关注对资产价格有直接的影响,2009年的新股发行体制改革对首日超额收益的降低起到了明显作用。     

组织间社会资本的影响路径

根据资源依赖理论、知识管理和权变管理理论,本文探讨了不同内部社会资本条件下组织间社会资本对组织短期绩效和增长绩效的不同作用机制。通过对高科技行业和制造业企业的实证研究发现,相对于短期绩效而言,组织间社会资本和内部社会资本对增长绩效的影响程度更高;相对于显性知识创造而言,组织间社会资本和内部社会资本的影响程度更高。相对于低水平的内部社会资本而言,在高水平的内部社会资本条件下,组织间社会资本通过增强对隐性知识创造的影响程度来提升增长绩效。