图书馆知识服务探析

知识经济社会为图书馆带来前所未有的机遇与挑战,知识服务将成为21世纪图书面向未来发展的战略选择。图书馆迫切需要改变服务观念,引进先进的管理理念,建立起知识服务技术平台,从传统的、被动的信息服务转变为符合时代要求的、主动的知识服务。     

民营经济 名正言顺——与黄范章先生《为“民营经济”正名》文商榷

"民营"概念是否回避生产资料所有制?"民营经济"、"民营企业"概念是否科学合理?一些腐败分子打着"民营企业"幌子盗窃国有资产是不是"民营"之罪?面对外国辞典上尚无"民营"概念,中国人可不可以创造适合中国国情的用语?使用"民营经济"是不是"自欺而不欺人"、"是玩弄文字游戏"?是"蓄意模模糊产权"?是"混水摸鱼"?是"官商勾结、贪污之风盛行"的罪孽?等等。黄范章先生捡起十年前他人之牙秽,竟然违反学术原则,不惜动用"帽子"和"棍子",对民营经济概念罗织罪状,一味进行贬低和攻击,实在令人难以理解。其实,只要正视中国特色社会主义丰富的经济实践就会发现,"民营",既包含所有制关系,也包含经营层次的经济关系,是一个多层次的复合概念,有着其他经济概念所不可取代的客观合理性。据此,笔者从理论和实践上对《正名》文的观点作出剖析,并指出黄先生的片面性源于其思维方式上的形而上学和对"民营"概念历史知识的缺乏。     

从“火炬在线传递”看可口可乐&腾讯的协同营销

2008年是中国的奥运年,腾讯和可口可乐合作在2008年3月24日推出"火炬在线传递"活动,吸引了众多网民的关注。本文着重分析可口可乐与腾讯的协同营销策略,并对企业间实施协同营销的原因和作用进行探讨,希望对企业的营销活动有一定的指导意义。     

Knowledge sharing in an organization

Managers are always seeking effective policies that encourage employees to share their knowledge with others in an organization. The appropriate organizational incentives are difficult to investigate due to human factors and other institutional complexities affecting sharing behaviors of individuals. Conducting laboratory or field experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of various organizational incentive policies is unrealistic. This work proposes a novel agent-based modeling approach to simulate the actions of knowledge sharing between actors in an organization. Several human and institutional factors in this artificial world were manipulated to understand knowledge sharing. The simulation results produce the following interesting findings. (1) The initial state of actors' action affects the knowledge-sharing action regardless of the adopted strategy. (2) Poorer collective capability among the population lowers the knowledge sharing behaviors. (3) The incentive policy has restricted effects for increasing the sharing action. Rewarding each knowledge-sharing action is more effective than the periodic organizational incentives to encourage actors' knowledge sharing behaviors.     

Environmental regulation of households: An empirical review of economic and psychological factors

The literature on sustainable consumption and environmental regulation of household behavior is dominated by conceptual and normative approaches. As a result, many suggestions lack a firm empirical basis. To overcome this deficiency, econometric studies in three areas of environmentally relevant activities of households are reviewed: residential use of energy, generation of solid waste and recycling, and residential use of water. Next to price and income elasticities, attention is devoted to individual socio-economic features and psychological factors, such as attitudes, knowledge, perceptions and values. Potential psychological determinants and related insights are further examined by discussing a range of representative and illustrative statistical–psychological studies of environmental behavior. One important general finding is that there are very few empirical studies that systematically combine socio-economic and psychological determinants. A range of insights for environmental policy is derived, and research recommendations are offered.     

员工差错取向对创新行为的影响机制研究

员工创新性活动不可避免地伴随着差错风险,组织成员对待差错的心理与行为倾向决定员工后续创新活动发展方向。结合中国情景,采用问卷调查法获取231份企事业单位的有效样本数据,基于差错反感文化视角,深入探究差错取向影响员工创新行为的内在机理。结果表明：差错取向正向影响员工创新行为;创新自我效能感在差错取向与员工创新行为间起部分中介作用;差错反感文化负向调节差错取向与员工创新行为间的关系。     

参与者公平偏好对协作型众包创新绩效激励机制的影响

协作型众包创新是以最大化创新绩效为目标的众包模式,相关实践案例已有所显现,但协作型众包创新过程中参与方的努力行为经常受到其公平偏好心理的影响。针对这一问题,采用委托代理理论,通过设计仅基于个人创新绩效(AR)和基于总创新绩效(TR)的两种激励机制提升协作型众包创新绩效,并深入探讨公平偏好对激励机制的影响。结果表明,AR机制中参赛者不可能出现利他性努力行为,而TR机制下利己性努力和利他性努力均与公平偏好负相关;两种激励机制下众包创新绩效均随公平偏好敏感度增大而下降,参赛者数量增加是否有利于提升众包创新绩效也取决于公平偏好程度;TR机制一定会产生比AR机制更高的众包绩效及发包方经济收益,但这种价值效应会被参赛者的公平偏好心理所弱化。     

合作创新网络的异质性要素识别研究

任何企业都不具备实现整个价值链中所有活动所需要的全部资源,创新所需资源的获取主要是通过网络组织实现资源的跨企业流动,如何识别并获取异质性资源,是企业实现持续创新的关键问题。在此基础上,编制合作创新网络异质性量表。基于合作创新理论与合作创新网络异质性要素的理论研究,对国际上已有量表进行分析,开发出合作创新网络异质性量表。先参考已有研究选取20个题项测度合作创新网络异质性,对458家企业开展深度访谈和问卷调查,再通过SPSS和AMOS等软件对样本数据进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,最后对其信度效度进行检验。研究结果表明,合作创新网络异质性量表具有良好的信度和效度,量表包括三个关键异质性要素:技术多样性、伙伴异质性以及地理分散性。     

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY: TRACING THE FLOW OF BASIC RESEARCH THROUGH MANUFACTURING AND TRADE

This paper describes flows of basic research through the US economy during the late 20th century. In addition, the paper studies the effect of the flows on scientific papers in industries and fields. This article differs from others in its use of measures of science rather than technology. Together, its results present a picture of the structure of basic research flows in a modern, science-intensive economy. Basic research flows are large within petrochemicals and drugs, and within software and communications. Flows of chemistry, physics, and engineering are common throughout all industries – biology and medicine are almost confined to petrochemicals and drugs; and computer science is nearly as restricted to software and communications. In general, basic research flows are more concentrated within scientific fields than within industries. Our findings concerning the production of scientific papers indicate that the effect of a 1% change in academic R&D spillovers significantly exceeds that of industrial spillovers. In addition, within-field effects exceed effects between-fields, while within- and between-industry effects are roughly equal. It follows that scientific fields limit basic research flows more than industries do, perhaps because large firms implicitly span a range of industries.     

Web2．0环境下基于知识流的KMS设计

知识管理实施的难点是隐性知识的显化及其管理问题,研究证明基于Web2．0的KMS可以解决隐性知识的显化问题。但其无法解决其管理问题,知识无法被有效利用。文章在归纳现有KMS所存在不足的基础上,认为组织流程应统一于知识流,通过基于知识流的流程再造,探讨了Web2．0与KMS的集成模式;最后设计并实现了Web2．0环境下基于知识流的KMS系统。