Promoting Development of Agricultural Science and Technology by the Drive of Banking and Finance

在论述中共中央第9个一号文件重大意义和我国农业科技面临诸多问题的基础上,相应对金融和财政部门“两轮驱动”,合力推动农业科技跨越发展,促进农业增产、农民增收、农村发展提出了十三条具体建议,以起到以点带面的作用,供探讨。     

论解决三农问题的市场增进观

本文分析了中国解决三农问题的两种基本思路:"市场亲善观"和"政府发展观",指出三农问题存在市场失灵、政府失灵、制度失灵三方面的问题,提出了解决三农问题的"市场增进观",即认为政府不是对市场机制的简单的替代,而是在于政府可以提供这样一种机制,以促进和补充市场机制发挥作用,依靠这样的市场增进思路应该是解决我国三农问题的根本出路.     

关于我国农业可持续发展的若干思考

农业可持续发展的理念是对传统的农业现代化思路的否定，它要求逐步改变形成于计划经济时代的旧的生产经营体制，这是一项长期，杂复和艰巨的任务，我们必须为此作不懈的努力。     

加快农业税制改革 减轻农民负担

减轻农民负担的政策效果不理想，其根源在于“税轻费重”的体制性障碍，“农业税制失衡”的结构性障碍和人们的“轻税=低负担”的观念性障碍，要切实减轻农民负担应改费立税，加快农业税制的改革。     

农村法制体系构建之初探

"三农"问题目前成为困扰我国社会和经济发展中的重要问题,对它的解决成为各界关注的焦点。本文试图通过阐述法制环境的建立对于"三农"问题的必要性,来探索建立农村法制体系,将"三农"问题放置于法律视野中进行规范,尝试对此问题进行解决。     

美国农业补贴体系的构建与借鉴

本文结合美国农业新政的发展动向,详细分析了美国农业补贴政策体系的内容。我国应借鉴美国的成功经验,适时调整农业补贴方式的制度设计和补贴结构。     

涉农企业技术创新存在问题及对策——基于杨凌示范区37家涉农企业的调查与思考

技术创新是涉农企业发展永恒的动力,为此,我们在对杨凌示范区37家涉农企业的技术创新状况进行问卷调查的基础上,分析了涉农企业技术创新的现状与存在的问题,例如涉农企业技术创新主体不明确、技术创新投入不足、企业缺乏顶级型创新人才和激励机制不完善等问题,并针对问题提出了涉农企业技术创新的对策,比如建立现代企业制度,改善融资环境,开展人才工程、走产学研的创新型道路和完善激励机制,以期能为陕西省区域经济的发展提供理论支持和决策依据。     

Incentives for mechanized cane harvesting in Thailand: A choice experiment

Sugarcane burning is a significant problem in Thailand. Cane burning is undertaken before harvest mostly due to labor shortages. A cane harvester has been promoted to counter labor shortages and increase cane productivity; however, its adoption has been slow. This paper examines incentive schemes for harvester adoption using a choice experiment. Forty large-scale farmers with the capacity to buy their own harvesters and 400 small-scale farmers who could potentially use harvesters on a fee basis were surveyed. The results suggest a variety of economic incentives for harvester adoption. Most important among these is subsidizing of interest rates for purchase. Also of merit at the milling stage are priority queuing, and subsidies for unburned cane to a lesser extent.     

Environmental evaluation of agri-environment schemes using participatory approaches: Experiences of testing the Agri-Environmental Footprint Index

The Agri-Environment Footprint Index (AFI) has been developed as a generic methodology to assess changes in the overall environmental impacts from agriculture at the farm level and to assist in the evaluation of European agri-environmental schemes (AES). The methodology is based on multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and involves stakeholder participation to provide a locally customised evaluation based on weighted environmental indicators. The methodology was subjected to a feasibility assessment in a series of case studies across the EU. The AFI approach was able to measure significant differences in environmental status between farms that participated in an AES and non-participants. Wider environmental concerns, beyond the scheme objectives, were also considered in some case studies and the benefits for identification of unintentional (and often beneficial) impacts of AESs are presented. The participatory approach to AES evaluation proved efficient in different environments and administrative contexts. The approach proved to be appropriate for environmental evaluation of complex agri-environment systems and can complement any evaluation conducted under the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. The applicability of the AFI in routine monitoring of AES impacts and in providing feedback to improve policy design is discussed.