中日韩三国农产品贸易竞争关系的研究

建立中日韩自由贸易区是区域经济一体化发展的必然要求,而三国间的农产品贸易现状与发展趋势,以及农产品贸易的特殊性对自由贸易区的建立具有十分重要的影响。本文通过产品相似性指数和市场相似性指数对中日韩三国农产品的贸易竞争关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,中日韩三国间的农产品相似性指数高于市场相似性指数,农产品贸易关系以竞争性为主,并依据本文研究得出的主要结论,提出了扩大我国农产品出口的相关建议。     

我国农产品进口保护的经济学分析

目前我国农产品保护的主要措施是关税及关税配额。本文运用图形对这两种进口保护措施进行了经济学分析,指出在国内需求增长的情况下,配额比关税更具贸易保护作用,而且,与绝对配额相比,关税配额更能以较低的社会福利代价获取保护效应。尽管关税配额不失为一种较好的保护手段,但统计结果显示,关税配额并没有起到有效的保护作用。最后分析了在目前条件下我国对农产品进行有效保护的可行途径。     

国外农业保险发展的经验与启示

业保险在经过200多年的探索发展后,各国都已形成了一套较为完整、独特的经营体制与经营模式,考察其发展演进的经验与教训,对中国农业保险的顺利实施具有重要的现实意义。基于此,文章将以若干发达国家农业保险的实践与经验作为起点,在对中国农业保险发展特点作出比较和基本评价的基础上,提炼出对国外农业保险发展的一般规律,并据此揭示对中国农业保险发展的启示。     

A Future with Hope：China Agriculture Outlook 2007

China's macro economy has remained in a good and stable condition overall,experiencing an annual GDP growth of over 10% for several consecutive years.Under this basic condition, the main focus of the Outlook was China's current grain and oil supply,and the demand market with its probable future prices.     

河南省新农村建设中财政投资体制存在的问题及政策建议

在财政的支持下,河南省新农村建设取得了巨大的成就。但也存在诸如财政支农总量偏低,财政支农方式和结构不尽合理,中央和地方财政支农事权划分不清以及支农资金的使用和管理不完善等问题。针对这些问题,文章提出要加大财政对农村的投资力度,合理确定财政资金支农方式和结构,正确划分地方和中央财政支农职责范围以及完善财政资金使用和管理体制等建议。     

Agricultural specialization and height in ancient and medieval Europe

Land per capita was one important determinant of height in the Malthusian world 0 to 1800 A.D. A second factor was specialization in milk cattle agriculture. It had two positive effects on human stature: first, proximity to protein production resulted in a very low local shadow price of milk, as this important foodstuff could not be transported easily. Second, this low price resulted in a low inequality of nutritional status, whereas, for example, tradable pork contributed to nutritional inequality. For this study, we used a data set of more than two million animal bones to measure specialization in cattle and its impact on stature.     

对新疆农民专业合作组织发展的思考

建立农民专业合作组织是农村发展现代农业、走向市场经济的必然要求。目前,新疆各种新型的农民专业合作组织不断涌现,并在引导农户进入市场、提高农业效益、增加农民收入、保护农民利益等方面发挥着愈来愈显著的作用。但是新疆的农民专业合作组织在其发展过程中,因受农户素质、运营资金、合作规模等因素的制约发展缓慢。本文对此进行了分析,并提出了几点建议。     

Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture

Agricultural ecosystems are actively managed by humans to optimize the provision of food, fiber, and fuel. These ecosystem services from agriculture, classified as provisioning services by the recent Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, depend in turn upon a web of supporting and regulating services as inputs to production (e.g., soil fertility and pollination). Agriculture also receives ecosystem dis-services that reduce productivity or increase production costs (e.g., herbivory and competition for water and nutrients by undesired species). The flows of these services and dis-services directly depend on how agricultural ecosystems are managed and upon the diversity, composition, and functioning of remaining natural ecosystems in the landscape. Managing agricultural landscapes to provide sufficient supporting and regulating ecosystem services and fewer dis-services will require research that is policy-relevant, multidisciplinary and collaborative. This paper focuses on how ecosystem services contribute to agricultural productivity and how ecosystem dis-services detract from it. We first describe the major services and dis-services as well as their key mediators. We then explore the importance of scale and economic externalities for the management of ecosystem service provision to agriculture. Finally, we discuss outstanding issues in regard to improving the management of ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture.     

Reducing climate change impacts on agriculture: Global and regional effects of mitigation, 2000–2080

What are the implications for agriculture of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions? By when and by how much are impacts reduced? Where does it matter most? We investigated these questions within the new A2 emission scenario, recently developed at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis with revised population and gross domestic product projections. Coupling an agro-ecological model to a global food trade model, two distinct sets of climate simulations were analyzed: 1) A non-mitigated scenario, with atmospheric CO₂ concentrations over 800 ppm by 2100; and 2) A mitigation scenario, with CO₂ concentrations stabilized at 550 ppm by 2100. Impacts of climate change on crop yield were evaluated for the period 1990–2080, then used as input for economic analyses. Key trends were computed over the 21st century for food demand, production and trade, focusing on potential monetary (aggregate value added) and human (risk of hunger) impacts. The results from this study suggested that mitigation could positively impact agriculture. With mitigation, global costs of climate change, though relatively small in absolute amounts, were reduced by 75–100%; and the number of additional people at risk of malnutrition was reduced by 80–95%. Significant geographic and temporal differences were found. Regional effects often diverged from global net results, with some regions worse off under mitigation compared to the unmitigated case.     

天津发展都市农业有待破解的瓶颈性难题

通过对津京沪农业的横向比较与自身农业的纵向比较，天津农业经济结构、农民文化程度、农民收入及农村基础建设等方面，存在诸多问题。为了缩小城乡差距，提高农民收入，建设社会主义新农村，应通过实行惠农政策，改善农村基础公共设施，支持农村教育，提高农村医疗水平，坚持科技富农，推进乡镇企业产业化．最终实现科技化、产业化和生态化的都市农业。