国外农村金融体系的制度安排及经验借鉴

农村金融如何适应本国的具体国情,有选择有重点地支持农村经济发展,是经济社会发展中一个重要的制度安排。本文通过对美、法、墨、日、印等有代表性的国家的农村金融体系的支农模式的介绍及比较,得出农村金融支农的经验借鉴及有益启示,在对比分析的基础上,指出我国农村金融体系的不足,提出有针对性的改进措施和建议。     

综合性农业科技期刊如何应对当前困境

文章详细分析了综合性农业科技期刊面临的主要困难及其原因，并提出了应对措施，指出只要策略正确，措施得当，综合性农业科技期刊仍有广阔的生存空间。     

对整合新疆财政支农资金途径的探讨

支农资金整合是当前财政支农资金管理中的一项重要工作。以项目为平台,以县为单位整合上级政府和县本级的支农资金是资金整合工作的基本思路。本文沿着这个思路提出了从农村经济规划着手到项目选择,再到资金整合的基本工作框架,供新疆资金整合试点工作参考。     

从制度创新看广东省农科教一体化的制约因素

农业科技、农业教育是农业产业现代化的内生要素,它们通过一定的产业组织载体形成相互依存、相互制约和相互影响的利益关系,本文从制度创新角度分析了广东省农科教一体化的制约因素。     

乡镇电子政务建设与发展规划

乡镇电子政务是传统电子政务在乡镇应用的延伸,是实施小城镇信息化基础和核心,其目标是解决“三农“问题,建设社会主义新农村.先在整体宏观层面上讲述乡镇电子政务发展历程、特点和建设要点,然后在技术实现角度讲述其总体布局和关键技术,最后对其发展前景作了客观预测,具有一定理论研究和参考价值.     

Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity

The soil environment is likely the most complex biological community. Soil organisms are extremely diverse and contribute to a wide range of ecosystem services that are essential to the sustainable function of natural and managed ecosystems. The soil organism community can have direct and indirect impacts on land productivity. Direct impacts are those where specific organisms affect crop yield immediately. Indirect effects include those provided by soil organisms participating in carbon and nutrient cycles, soil structure modification and food web interactions that generate ecosystem services that ultimately affect productivity. Recognizing the great biological and functional diversity in the soil and the complexity of ecological interactions it becomes necessary to focus in this paper on soil biota that have a strong linkage to functions which underpin ‘soil based’ ecosystem services. Selected organisms from different functional groups (i.e. microsymbionts, decomposers, elemental transformers, soil ecosystem engineers, soil-borne pest and diseases, and microregulators) are used to illustrate the linkages of soil biota and ecosystem services essential to life on earth as well as with those associated with the provision of goods and the regulation of ecosystem processes. These services are not only essential to ecosystem function but also a critical resource for the sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems. Research opportunities and gaps related to methodological, experimental and conceptual approaches that may be helpful to address the challenge of linking soil biodiversity and function to the provision of ecosystem services and land productivity are discussed. These include: 1) integration of spatial variability research in soil ecology and a focus on ‘hot spots’ of biological activity, 2) using a selective functional group approach to study soil biota and function, 3) combining new and existing methodological approaches that link selected soil organisms, the temporal and spatial dynamics of their function, and their contribution to the provision of selected ‘soil based' ecosystem services, 4) using understanding about hierarchical relationships to manage soil biota and function in cropping systems, 5) using local knowledge about plants as indicators of soil quality, remote sensing and GIS technologies, and plant-soil biota interactions to help understand the impacts of soil biota at landscape scale, and 6) developing land quality monitoring systems that inform land users about their land's ecosystem service performance, improve capacities to predict and adapt to environmental changes, and support policy and decision-making.     

我国农业信贷制度构建：基于金融抑制理论的分析

我国农村普遍存在的金融抑制严重制约着现代农业和农村经济的发展，解决金融抑制根本还在于制度创新。本文结合发展中国家的金融抑制理论，在对我国农村金融抑制现状进行深入分析的基础上，探讨了农业信贷制度对化解农村金融抑制的效用，最后提出了构建我国农业信贷制度的基本框架。     

A Ricardian analysis of the economic impact of climate change on agriculture: Evidence from the farms in the central highlands of Afghanistan

This paper provides evidence on the economic impact of climate change on agriculture in the Central Highlands of Afghanistan by exploring the climate sensitivity of crop net revenue per unit of land. A Ricardian model and a novel 2017 dataset for 1502 farmers in three central provinces along with 34 years of weather information are used to study the impact of variations in seasonal precipitation and annual temperature. The findings suggest a significant and nonlinear effect of climate factors on crop net revenue. The impact of seasonal precipitation is found to vary across space and time. The effect of increased annual temperature is found to be generally positive and significant—both statistically and economically. The predicted impact of future climate change is largely beneficial, mainly due to warming.     

SAM — a baby with many faces

In the last issue of Food Policy, two articles appeared on the subject of the Mexican Food System, or the Sistema Alimenticio Mexicano (SAM). The first article by Frank Meissner¹ reviewed the background to SAM, the proposed strategies, intended targets, its funding and put forward a strong case for considering SAM as a constructive policy for alleviating Mexico's food and nutrition problems. However, Michael Redclift commented in his article that:² ‘There are three principal points to be made of Dr Meissner's article: its interpretation of Mexico's recent agrarian development is questionable; it does not distinguish between the analysis provided in the SAM documents and the policy measures to which they give rise; and, it glosses over serious problems of implementation, giving too little weight to the participatory element without which SAM is doomed to failure’. This rejoinder is Frank Meissner's response to Michael Redclift's comments.     

邓小平粮食安全思想研究初步

邓小平同志作为党的第二代领导集体的核心,十分重视农业和粮食生产,视农业为要本.他认为农业始终是国民经济的基础和根本,粮食问题始终是我国政治经济生活中的头等大事.邓小平的农业是根本理论,实质上就是他的粮食安全思想.这个理论正确回答了一个发展中的社会主义大国如何实现国家粮食安全这一历史性问题,为确保20世纪中国未发生粮食安全危机做出了不可磨灭的贡献.