Is business lobbying in the European Union context-dependent? Evidence from the policy field of radio spectrum

This paper investigates contextual factors which impact on how business lobbying is carried out in radio spectrum policy in the European Union (EU). Based on the empirical evidence collected by means of ten expert interviews, the following considerations are drawn: first, the European Commission (hereafter “the Commission”) weighs highly information provided by corporate stakeholders which is in line with the EU objective to promote EU-wide coordinated use of radio spectrum. Second, the way the Council of the EU (hereafter “the Council”) is lobbied at EU level is unclear because of lack of transparency in the Council. Third, radio spectrum policy issues require niche expertise to be addressed because of high degree of complexity. Fourth, radio spectrum policy issues are characterised by low degree of salience as they are too technical for the wider public. Although centred on the EU context, the issues raised in this study, such as lack of transparency and civil society underrepresentation, are not unique to the EU system. In this respect, comparative studies between the EU and other institutional contexts may contribute to a better understanding of variation in business lobbying.     

Digital maker-entrepreneurs in open design: What activities make up their business model?

The business models of digital maker-entrepreneurs in open design are inextricably linked to the broader open design community. Digital makers share designs on online platforms such as Thingiverse and use digital manufacturing technology such as 3-D printing as a generative mechanism for their entrepreneurial activities. There is a general understanding of how sharing works in that community and the basic design parameters that determine the business models of these digital maker-entrepreneurs, which are based on a portfolio of activities. This study is based on in-depth interviews with 11 digital maker-entrepreneurs from the open design community. We investigate the activities that constitute their business models using activity theory as a lens with which better to understand them. This study provides a perspective on the complexity of the relationships in which these activities are embedded and analyzes the activities related to the production, distribution, and consumption of value. Finally, we examine the exchanges between digital maker-entrepreneurs in the community, shedding light on how digital maker-entrepreneurs share and exchange goods, services, and knowledge as peers.     

Dual Control of Salesforce in Partially Integrated Channels

A manufacturer using a partially integrated channel (PIC) dispatches its own salesforce to the retailers that it sells through. The manufacturer salesforce in a PIC is simultaneously subject to controls by the manufacturer and the retailer, which we call dual control. Despite its increasing prevalence, how dual control influences salesforce performance remains understudied. We develop a discriminating alignment framework through two steps to answer this question. The first step examines the influence of a controller on the efficacy of a control mechanism. The efficacy of a control mechanism varies with the party that exerts control. The second step expands this logic to dual control. The performance effect of dual control is equivocal: It may have a positive, negative, or no influence on salesforce performance depending on discriminating alignment. To improve salesforce performance, a manufacturer’s control and a retailer’s control must compensate for each other’s weaknesses. Empirical tests based on matched dyadic data of dual control of salesforce by apparel manufacturers and retailers support our predictions with considerable theoretical and managerial implications.     

污水处理PPP项目跨境联动创新路径

实施“一带一路”战略，对于推动我国新一轮对外开放和沿线国家经济发展具有重大意义，而基础设施互联互通正是“一带一路”发展实施的先导领域。分析了“一带一路”污水处理PPP模式的发展困境，以明确优化PPP模式的重点突破口。结合国内外成功PPP案例，对跨境资本参与污水处理PPP进行PEST-SWOT分析，并基于流程再造和联动创新理论，对“一带一路”污水处理PPP模式跨境联动创新路径进行了分析。以徐州市邳州污水处理项目为例的分析，为“一带一路”污水处理PPP模式优化提供了一定的理论依据与实践指导。     

国际垂直一体化与外包化相互转化的理论研究——基于不完全合同下谈判成本的视角

二战以来,国际经济分工越来越深化与细化,跨国公司成为国际贸易与国际投资等经济活动的主体,垂直专业化的国际生产分工替代了传统的产品垂直贸易,大型跨国制造业与服务业活动同时具有垂直一体化和外包化趋势。本文首先回顾了跨国公司垂直一体化生产与外包化生产的相关研究,然后对内部一体化生产与外包化生产的机理进行理论分析,之后基于跨国公司与外包企业非完全契约的视角,构建了谈判成本外生化的模型,分析了中间投入品内部垂直一体化与外包化生产相互转化的条件。研究结果显示,中间投入品生产模式的选择取决于跨国公司A对最终产品X合作生产时的利润非依存度γa,外包生产企业B对最终产品X合作生产时的利润非依存度γb以及和内部一体化生产时其内部管理成本与谈判成本对最终产品X合作生产时利润的依存度γc。

Abstract：

The international division has been more and more deep after world warⅡ,the MNCs has been the main bodies of international economics,the traditional vertical trade has been substituted by international vertical integration production and there is a trend of vertical integration and outsourcing.This paper reviewed the relative results about thisissue,and then analysis the production models of integration and outsourcing,formulate a model which includes the negotiation cost,these studies show that,the choose of production model of medium input was decided by γa,γb,and γc.     

北部湾经济区建设的高职商务英语人才需求调查分析

随着广西北部湾经济区建设的加速发展,外向型人才持续走俏。文章旨在通过实际调查与分析,探索北部湾经济区建设中各类企业对商务英语人才需求与能力期待状况,为准确定位高职商务英语人才培养目标,完善人才培养模式,促进广西地方经济及高职教育健康持续发展提供切实有效的依据。     

Effects of foreign and domestic economic policy uncertainty shocks on South Korea

This paper investigates the effects of foreign and domestic economic policy uncertainty shocks on South Korea via structural VARs. The results show that both foreign and domestic policy uncertainty shocks exert negative and significant impacts on South Korea. Foreign economic policy uncertainty shocks are found to be more dominant than domestic economic policy uncertainty shocks in influencing the Korean output. The results also indicate that economic policy uncertainty that originates from foreign countries is a significant source of disturbance to the Korean economy, but domestic policy uncertainty plays a rather limited role in explaining Korean business fluctuations.     

Business engagement in a civil society: Transitioning towards a dementia-friendly visitor economy

Dementia is a growing global health condition primarily, though not exclusively, associated with ageing populations. This paper examines dementia awareness and the perspectives of businesses and organisations in the visitor economy, given that people with the early stages of dementia remain consumers of leisure and tourism experiences. It adopts the concept of the civil society where people are treated in a fair and equitable manner irrespective of their abilities and state of health to promote equality of opportunity. As an exploratory study, it evaluates the awareness, perception and experience of businesses in developing a dementia-friendly visitor economy. It focuses on dementia as a ‘hidden condition’ with a focus on the attractions sector to develop a greater understanding of how to embrace dementia as part of a civil society. The research highlights the implications for the wider visitor economy with dementia set to grow globally in scale and significance.     

Business model ambidexterity and technological innovation performance: evidence from China

By applying an ambidexterity perspective to the business model context, this study examines the effects of efficiency and novelty – two conflicting business model design themes – on technological innovation performance and the relationship between these themes as it relates to enhancing technological innovation performance. From an analysis of data on 173 Chinese manufacturing firms, it is found that both efficiency and novelty themes are positively related to technological innovation performance; the combined dimension (CD) of business model ambidexterity (the interaction between efficiency and novelty themes) is positively related to technological innovation performance; and the balance dimension (BD) of business model ambidexterity (the balance between efficiency and novelty themes) positively moderates the relationship between CD and technological innovation performance.     

他者启蒙下的成功女商人——《茶道青红》主人公戴夫人形象分析

成一新作《茶道青红》的女主人公戴夫人从小受民主进步家风的浸润,在康家祖业危难之际,受贤能掌柜之力举代夫主事,率领全家,励精图治、力挽狂澜,充分发挥了其经商理政才华,实现了其自我意识和个体价值,彰显了启蒙力量的强大。解读戴夫人形象对于我们当下女性的启蒙之探究也许有抛砖引玉之意义。