以知识为基础的企业理论的产生及其演进过程

以知识为基础的企业理论的理论渊源在于对企业竞争优势内生的考察,并依次经历资源决定论、能力决定论的理论演进过程,它强调企业竞争优势源于企业的默会知识。这一观点不仅对解释和预期企业行为提供了核心概念,而且对指导企业提升竞争优势的实践具有管理学意义。     

Gauging the development of innovative capabilities in Accounting and Finance students: can they drive the national innovation agenda?

As automation catalyses the shift from number-crunching to more complex roles spanning risk management and strategic decision-making, it is important that higher education is developing the capabilities for Accounting and Finance graduates to successfully contribute to innovation. The study gauges the development of innovative capabilities among students and new graduates using national data from 2012 to 2015. It identifies gaps in the development of certain capabilities, discusses the implications of these and presents strategies for improvement. Findings will inform stakeholders how to better prepare these graduates to contribute to innovation and, ultimately, improve economic growth and global competitiveness in Australia.     

Capacidades,liderazgos y estrategias de gestión de organizaciones de la sociedad civil en zonas rurales

Poverty in rural areas of Mexico is still an unresolved problem. Experiences of civil society organizations in other countries show that they can be allies of the government to contribute to rural development because of their roles and capabilities. This article focuses on the role of civil society organizations to improve living conditions in rural areas of the State of Mexico by analyzing the work of six civil society organizations under a qualitative perspective. Leadership and commitment are some of the most important capabilities of their female founders. They have created and implemented management strategies that allow them to obtain and generate resources to satisfy local needs. Thus, their management strategies are seen as a methodological model and a key to work in a close partnership whit rural communities which can be seen as an added-value to civil society organizations and community participation for rural development.     

核心企业网络能力、创新网络与科创型特色小镇发展——以杭州云栖小镇为例

科创型特色小镇作为我国推行创新驱动发展战略的重要部署，对当地创新创业发挥着重要作用。拥有核心企业主导的创新网络的科创型特色小镇，具有更强的发展动力。因此，探索核心企业网络能力、创新网络与科创型特色小镇发展之间的关系具有重大意义。运用案例研究方法，以杭州云栖小镇为例展开研究，结果发现：①创新网络演化阶段可以划分为差距清晰化阶段、提升探索阶段和成熟规范化阶段；②核心企业网络能力对创新网络演化发展具有促进作用，并且在创新网络演化不同阶段存在差异性；③核心企业网络能力、创新网络和科创型特色小镇产业发展存在协同演化。     

Capabilities,Structures and Strategies Re-Examined: Incumbent Firms and the Emergence of Complex Product Systems (CoPS) in Mature Industries

This paper re-examines theories about firm capabilities, industrial co-ordination and competitive strategies in the context of Complex Product Systems (CoPS). In particular, it looks at the applicability of concepts of technological and organisational capabilities, transaction and governance cost analysis and industry lifecycle models to the performance of mature industries under conditions of technological change. It does so in the light of empirical evidence from one sector of a mature but fast-changing industry in which CoPS are currently emerging: offset lithographic print and publishing technologies—the capital goods and systems used to produce printed mass media, particularly newspapers. In this sector of the graphic arts industries, three major incumbent producer firms which were previously similar had each begun to pursue different capabilities, structures and strategies, with apparent success. The complexity of CoPS and of the organisational arrangements for their design, development and commissioning are capable of supporting a wide variety of firm capabilities, structures and strategies.     

数字化转型与全要素生产率——基于A股上市公司的经验证据

数字化转型是把握时代方向赋能企业战略转型与变革的必然选择。在数字经济迭代更新的背景下,本文引入企业全要素生产率这一理论视角,选取2007—2020年A股上市公司数据,实证检验数字化转型对企业全要素生产率的影响效应。研究发现,第一,数字化转型显著提升企业全要素生产率水平,这一结论在选取历史数据作为工具变量及稳健性检验后仍然成立;第二,外部知识产权保护、组织内部冗余资源和管理者能力会强化数字化转型与企业全要素生产率之间的正向关系;进一步地,数字化转型对企业全要素生产率的激励效应得益于企业创新能力与企业专业化分工效率的提升,异质性分析表明在非国有和非高新技术企业样本中上述关系更加显著;最后,企业全要素生产率增长能够提升企业市场价值。本研究助推了全要素生产率动因以及数字经济赋能企业创新高质量发展的效应、机制和企业性质差异的理解,为更好的驱动企业数字化转型提供参考建议。     

Interaction capability development of smaller suppliers in relationships with larger customers

The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction capabilities developed by smaller suppliers in relationships with larger customers. The contribution of the paper is the development and application of an interaction capability framework to evaluate the types of interaction capabilities developed by smaller suppliers that enable them to cope and better manage in relationships with larger customers. The paper reports on eight in-depth case studies comprising forty-eight interviews with smaller UK textile suppliers in relationships with larger customers. The findings identify the features of the smaller suppliers' interaction capability set comprising four elements: human interaction, technological interaction, managerial systems interaction and cultural interaction capability. The paper concludes by evaluating the lessons from the application of the interaction capability framework and highlighting how smaller suppliers can focus on the development of their interaction capability set to gain positioning advantages in their relationships with larger customers and offer superior customer value.     

资源、资源关系与企业绩效

在分析企业资源的分类及其相互关系的基础上,讨论了企业资源结构与企业短期绩效、长期绩效之间的关系.认为企业短期静态绩效取决于有形资源和无形资源的利用,长期动态绩效取决于企业的资源结构.能力虽然是企业长期绩效的核心根源,但能力必须与企业其他资源相互匹配,才能够促进资源的相互转化,才能获得持续竞争和动态绩效.     

Up-grading and performance: the role of design, technology and business strategy in Hong Kong's electronics industry

This study tests the hypothesis that companies who move away from the traditional Hong Kong business model by adopting ‘up-grading’ strategies enjoy superior performance. A set of 14 variables is used to capture the dimensions of strategy, encompassing the business, technology and design domains. The results of both comparative and configurational approaches show that there are indeed performance benefits to be had. The broader implication is that Hong Kong manufacturing firms are beginning to escape the ‘iron fetters’ of a business model originally imposed on them by both material and ideational constraints, and to reap performance benefits as a result.Howard Davies is an Associate Dean in the Faculty of Business at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. David Ko completed his DBA thesis under Prof. Davies's supervision.     

The true story of wine and cloth, or: building blocks of an evolutionary political economy of international trade

Standard trade theory is a theory about the structure of international production which emerges from an international arbitrage equilibrium. It is not a theory about the activity of trading which is simply taken for granted or which is treated implicitly in the concept of exogenous trade costs. This paper proposes an alternative evolutionary framework based on networks as structures of non-price interactions into which price/quantity-interactions are embedded. These networks manifest different levels with specific problems of coordination and communication, i.e. levels of market transactions, of transaction-enabling transactions, of markets for market access rights, and of the respective transaction-enabling transactions. Furthermore, the theory is based on the analysis of capabilities to trade, resting upon competitive advantage, which cannot be imitated. The exploitation of competitive advantage presupposes the capability to control network interactions, identified as social capital. Finally, the security of market access reflects power balances among countries.