数字化转型与企业人力资本升级

企业在数字化转型过程中是否会增加对高技能劳动力的需求,进而优化企业的人力资本结构？基于2013-2020年中国A股上市公司员工雇佣数据,本文对上述问题进行考察并分析其作用渠道。结果显示,数字化转型显著提升了企业本科及以上学历员工的占比,即优化了企业的人力资本结构,且该效应在低融资约束企业、非技术密集型行业和东部地区更为明显。作用机制检验证实,数字化转型显著增加了企业的固定资产投资和研发投资,扩大了企业经营规模,进而促使企业增加对高技能劳动力的需求。进一步研究发现,数字化转型显著提升了企业经营效率,同时增加了高管和普通员工的工资。上述结论表明,企业数字化转型具有技能偏向性特征,有助于企业劳动力结构转型升级。本文研究对数字经济背景下深入理解企业劳动力结构升级变化具有一定参考意义。     

风险投资股份转让的博弈分析

本文讨论风险投资股份转让的两种方式的比选问题,基于信息的不对称程度,可实现的交易范围相应变小,而随着风险企业控制方的不同,不同的转让方武是最优的.     

基于人力资本理论的高校教师激励机制研究

高校教师是高校最重要的资源,伴随着高校人事制度的改革,高校人力资源管理工作正朝着制度化方向发展。人事制度的改革给高校注入了活力,促进了高校人才资源的开发,但仍面临着各种冲击和争议。从人力资本的视角研究高校教师的价值,分析高校教师作为一个特殊的群体,其人力资本的形成、特性以及在高校环境下的作用,以实现高校教师人力资本的积累,实现激励方式的多样化为目的,从新的角度探讨高校教师激励问题。     

对"剑桥资本争论"的思考——从马克思的古典一般均衡理论寻求出路

“剑桥资本争论”指出了新古典理论在资本计量、技术再转折和资本倒流等关键问题上所遇到的逻辑悖论。这是由于西方主流经济学将凯恩斯经济学嫁接在新古典的价值和分配理论之上，从而忽视了资本主义所特有的竞争关系。相反，马克思的古典经济学则强调了资本主义所特有的经济关系。因此，只有引入社会关系的古典一般均衡分析，才是解决争论的出路。     

创业投资退出机制的分析与实现方式研究

创业投资的成功实现必须建立在良好的退出机制之上,创业投资理论的发展使得创业投资退出机制的创新成为必然趋势。文章通过对创业投资退出形式的分析和效率评价,研究创业投资退出机制的合理方式,并进而探索中国创业投资退出机制的建立。     

智力资本中的客户资本管理研究

本文从界定智力资本、分析客户资本的含义和特征入手 ,阐述了企业客户资本管理的环境 ,客户资本细分 ,客户资本的衡量和客户共同学习的策略 ,提出了客户资本管理的新思路。     

劳动契约视角下的经营者人力资本定价研究

经营者人力资本定价是目前理论研究的热点与难点问题。基于对经营者人力资本构成的多维性和调用的主动性两个关键特征的考察 ,从劳动契约的微观角度对经营者人力资本定价进行分析 ,并充分考虑劳资双方的特定状态 ,进一步探讨影响经营者人力资本价格的权变因素 ,认为经营者人力资本定价是一个复杂的系统过程 ,应该从可重新谈判的动态角度把握定价的精度     

Variable labour supply, specialisation-based external economies, and capital inflow

This paper examines the impact of exogenous capital inflow on prices, production, labour supply, and welfare in the presence of specialisation-based externalities. The paper utilises a simple model of an economy that produces one-final good by means of capital, labour, and a large number of varieties of an intermediate good. The intermediate good is produced by means of capital and labour. The supply of capital is exogenous but the supply of labour is endogenous. The presence of internal economies of scale in the intermediate good industry gives rise to specialisation-based external economies in the production of the final good. Perfect competition prevails in the final good industry whereas the intermediate good industry operates under Chamberlinian monopolistic competition. It is shown that exogenous capital inflow decreases labour supply and increases welfare only if the elasticity of substitution between leisure and the final good is equal to or less than unity. The paper also shows that, if trade opens up between two otherwise similar economies, a capital rich country would be a net importer of varieties of the intermediate good.     

Do we now collect any revenue from taxing capital income?

The U.S. income tax system has long been recognized as a hybrid of an income and consumption tax system, with elements that do not fit naturally into either pure system. What it actually is has important policy implications for, among other things, understanding the impact of moving closer to a pure consumption tax regime. In this paper, we examine the nature of the U.S. income tax system by calculating the revenue and distributional implications of switching from the current system to one form of consumption tax, a modified cash flow tax.     

Endogenous fluctuations in unionized economies with productive externalities

Summary. We discuss the effects of unions on steady-state multiplicity and welfare, and on the existence of endogenous fluctuations. We consider an OG economy with productive capital externalities and we focus on underemployment equilibria. We find that for wide regions in the parameter space, including an arbitrarily small degree of externalities and a Cobb-Douglas technology, unions increase steady state employment and welfare, and local indeterminacy (sunspots) emerges. Moreover with a CES technology multiplicity of steady states is only possible in the presence of unions. Our results also show that the role of unions in shaping local dynamics and bifurcations depends on technology (externalities and factors substitutability).Received: 16 January 2002, Revised: 18 March 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: E32, J51, D60, D62. Correspondence to: Leonor ModestoThis paper is a much revised version of our former working paper Unions, Increasing Returns and Endogenous Fluctuations. Financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia under the POCTI, is gratefuly acknowledged.