低碳经济转型和中国-东盟FTA贸易与环境的协调

在金融危机全面影响实体经济、世界经济加速向低碳转型的2009年,中国-东盟FTA的构建进入关键时期。尽管双方并没有因此延缓贸易自由化的推进步伐,于2010年1月1日如期建成FTA,但包括贸易与环境的摩擦及冲突在内的中国威胁论的不和谐之音还是若隐若现。低碳经济转型为中国-东盟FTA建设贸易与环境的协调提供了极为重要的契机和内部驱动力量。     

中美贸易摩擦实际关税加征的测算及其影响——基于细分产品数据的研究

基于中美贸易HS6位码细分产品贸易数据以及美国对华出口产品关税加征清单,本文测算了中美贸易摩擦对中国对美HS6位码细分出口产品实际关税加征幅度及其产业影响.文章结果显示,2018年、2019年中国输美产品承担的加税总金额为540.63亿美元,税率平均增加了5.22％,其中,计算机、电子元器件、家具、汽车零部件及配件等产...     

碳信用货币化分析——以零碳信用置换平台为例

当前以美元为代表的牙买加国际货币体系受到了质疑,建立超越主权的货币体系呼声渐涨,而碳排放权之类的碳信用获得新货币体系的提名。本文在长期跟踪碳金融研究成果的基础上,结合国内最新的碳信用实践形式---零碳信用置换平台,评析零碳信用置换平台运行实践中突出展现的碳信用各种符合货币要求的特质,对碳信用货币化的可能性给予肯定。同时将零碳信用置换平台与清洁发展机制（CDM）和欧洲碳排放交易体系（ETS）等现行主流碳交易模式进行对比,分析得出碳信用货币化存在相对价格的发行统一困境、币值稳定性的困境和汇率决定困境等阻碍,最后对部分困境的解决提出一些建议。     

中国城市现代碳金融服务体系的构建研究

近几年来国际碳金融服务业在低碳信贷、碳基金、碳保险、碳货币、碳交易体系方面已获得了长足发展,其推动碳减排、管理碳金融交易风险的作用日益显著.这对于中国城市发展低碳经济,实现减排目标,推进新型城镇化建设都具有非常重要的借鉴意义.通过考察国际碳金融服务业的发展框架,本文探讨了构建中国城市现代碳金融服务体系的具体策略.研究认为中国城市应当大力发展低碳信贷,推进碳交易市场体系建设;积极引导基金行为,创建碳基金体系;充分发挥商业保险作用,促进保险业与低碳经济融合;加快碳金融创新,丰富碳金融产品功能体系.     

Supply‐ versus Demand‐Side Policies in the Presence of Carbon Leakage and the Green Paradox

We consider a climate coalition that seeks to reduce global emissions in the presence of carbon leakage and resource exhaustibility. We show that a credible announcement of future unilateral supply‐side policies delays foreign emissions, and we derive the optimal combination of consumer taxes and producer taxes when we consider leakages from free riders, both within periods and across periods. The tax shares generally differ over time. A decline in the present value of the social cost of carbon over time supports a time path where the consumers’ tax share of the total carbon tax also declines over time. We illustrate our findings with a numerical model.     

THE IMPACT OF THE EU EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM ON COMPETITIVENESS AND CARBON LEAKAGE: THE ECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE

This paper carefully surveys the econometric literature that tests for competitiveness effects and related carbon leakage caused by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The results of this literature tell us that to date there is no evidence of the EU ETS having had widespread negative or positive effects on the competitiveness of regulated firms, nor is there evidence of significant carbon leakage. However, the paper also identifies three important caveats to this general conclusion. Firstly, the evidence we have still largely refers to the first two trading periods, namely Phases I (2005–2007) and II (2008–2012). Secondly, some heterogeneity of estimated effects is observed, but patterns, notably sectoral patterns, hardly emerge. Thirdly, very little explored is whether the EU ETS has had long-term effects on the economy via investment leakage or firm dynamics. Further empirical studies investigating these long-term effects are particularly desirable.     

Sustainable supply chain management and partner engagement to manage climate change information

Climate change poses significant new risks and challenges for businesses and their supply chains. Additionally, in many sectors, Scope 3 indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the sourcing and distribution of goods and services are larger than firms' own carbon footprints. Here we study how firms engage their key stakeholders in their supply chains in obtaining, processing, and transferring relevant climate change‐related information designed to overcome information asymmetry and drive sustainable development. Grounded in organisational information‐processing theory (OIPT), we draw on data from the Carbon Disclosure Project's Climate Change Supply Chain initiative for a qualitative content analysis of a large sample of global firms. Consistent with OIPT, we find that although firms primarily engage their supply chain partners in a variety of ways to reduce information uncertainty around indirect emissions data, effectively interpreting and managing broader sustainability information equivocality becomes a growing priority. Our findings further suggest that firms engage suppliers, customers, and other supply chain partners through basic, transactional, and collaborative types of engagement. We contribute to literatures on interorganisational information processing and sustainable supply chain management by providing a more detailed understanding of how firms engage supply chain partners in the context of climate change.     

Assessment of land use and land cover changes and valuation of carbon stocks in the Sergipe semiarid region,Brazil: 1992–2030

The semiarid region in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, approximately 11,000 km², has experienced high deforestation rates in the last decades, which ultimately contribute to global climatic changes. The valuation of ecosystem services of CO₂ sequestration can support definition of environmental policies to decrease deforestation in that region. This study aimed to assess land use and land cover changes in the Sergipe semiarid region between 1992 and 2017 by applying remotely sensed data and technics; simulate the land use and land cover changes between 2017 and 2030 by applying a cellular automaton model, by assuming current land use trends (Business as Usual – BAU) as a reference scenario, and a more conservative scenario (Protected Forest – PF), in which was assumed an effective enforcement of the Brazilian Forest Code established in 2012; simulate the carbon stocks by 2017 assuming the BAU and PF scenarios by 2030, and estimate the Carbon balance between the 2030 and 2017 scenarios; and estimate the economic valuation of carbon emission and sequestration by using the InVEST software. The results showed that agriculture (cropped lands) was main driver of the landscape changes in the study area, which increased 14% by 2017, a net increase of 1494.45 km². The results showed that the total Carbon emissions would reach 736,900 Mg CO₂-eq by assuming the BAU scenario, which would increase the cost of opportunity up to US$ 17.7 million and a social carbon cost varying between US$ 10.3 and US$ 30.2 million. The restoration of the permanent preservation areas could contribute to increase Carbon sequestration up to 481,900 Mg CO₂-eq by 2030, which is equivalent cost of US$ 11.6 million. The natural landscape in the Sergipe semiarid region was strongly affected by deforestation activities occurred between 1992 and 2017. It requires, therefore, effective actions to support and promote restoration of degraded areas. The forested areas within the Sergipe semiarid region were the most affected type of vegetation because of expansion of agricultural fields soil exposures (Exposed Land). Environmental assessments based on scenarios and economic valuations can provide crucial information to support policy and decision makers to improve strategies for environmental management and conservation.     

中国服务业碳生产率变动的差异及收敛性研究

研究目标：中国服务业碳生产率变动的差异及收敛性。研究方法：采用SBM方向性距离函数和Global Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数,对2004~2013年中国服务业分行业的碳生产率进行测算,并对其进行收敛性检验。研究发现：中国服务业碳生产率整体呈增长趋势,技术进步是其增长的主要因素,技术效率并没有发挥出应有的提升服务业碳生产率的作用,利用效率的改善来提高服务业碳生产率增长还有很大的空间。此外,中国服务业碳生产率并没有呈现显著的σ收敛,而绝对β收敛和条件β收敛模型研究表明,中国服务业分行业间的碳生产率总体差异正在逐步缩小。研究创新：将碳生产率的测算及收敛性研究延伸到服务业领域。研究价值：有利于低碳经济背景下服务业碳生产率的提升和节能减碳目标的实现。     

低碳约束对产业集聚的门槛效应分析

产业集聚作为重要的产业组织形式,其影响因素一直是理论界研究的重点,但鲜有学者直接研究低碳约束对产业集聚的影响。基于2000-2012年中国内地30个省（市、自治区）的数据,利用门槛回归方法,从人均收入和人力资本两个角度,检验了低碳约束对产业集聚的门槛效应。收入门槛的检验结果表明,在中、低收入阶段,低碳约束抑制产业集聚,而在高收入阶段,低碳约束则显著促进地区产业集聚;人力资本门槛的检验结果表明,在高人力资本阶段,低碳约束能够显著带动地区产业集聚,在中低人力资本阶段则相反。