大都市郊区小城镇的经济地域类型及其空间分异探析——以北京市为例

本文致力于探析京郊小城镇的经济地域类型及其发展的动力机制,综合运用了H.J.纳尔逊的城镇职能分类方法和区位商法,从三次产业的产值结构和从业结构出发,将京郊183个小城镇划分为四大类型。基于GIS的空间分析功能,进一步探讨了京郊四大类小城镇的空间分布规律和演变趋势,结果发现这四大类小城镇的核心—外围空间格局十分明显,有着各自不同的功能定位和演进机理。基于此,为不同类型的小城镇制定了不同的发展策略,以便为今后不同类型的小城镇开展分类规划指导提供科学依据。     

基于委托代理论的国际人力资源控制关联性实证研究——以上海地区跨国公司为例

本文主要通过战略思维,确定跨国企业海外经营时的假设性问题,并作为国际人力资源管理研究议题,藉由模型建构与实证研究,得到研究发现,并汇集成研究结论。根据交易成本与委托代理论的假设,跨国企业在海外经营会有市场不完全性与派外人员的委托代理问题,此时采取国际人力资源控制机制是母公司解决这些问题的治理机制。当国际人力资源战略已经选择,应该采用何种国际人力资源控制,以使公司的营运绩效能最大化。     

在驱力均衡中国际人力资源战略发展实证研究--以上海地区跨国公司为例

本文透过文献探讨与集群分析的实证研究,划分上海地区跨国公司国际人力资源战略可分成“放 任无主人力资源战略”、“总部操控人力资源战略”、“地区自治人力资源战略”、以及“收放兼顾人力资源战略” 四种类型,并在此基础上建议跨国公司未来上朝向本土化的国际人力资源战略发展方向。     

低碳经济与欠发达地区经济发展转型

低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式,是发达国家为应对全球气候变化而提出的新的经济发展模式,它强调以较少的温室气体排放获得较大的经济产出。低碳经济正成为一种新的国际潮流,影响着各国的经济社会发展进程,这种情形为欠发达地区提供了新的发展机遇。欠发达地区工业化、城市化起步晚,缺乏资金、技术和人才,发展经济只能依靠本地仅有的自然资源,大多走的是资源消耗型工业发展道路,经济模式和工业体系尚未完全定型,这也使得欠发达地区向低碳经济调整和转型具有成本低、阻力小、动作快的后发优势。因此,只要更新观念,倡导低碳理念;依托自身的优势,确立自身发展思路;小处入手,做到步步为营;构建低碳能源体系和产业体系;欠发达地区就会逐步实现向低碳经济的转型。     

INCENTIVES AND SOCIAL NORMS: A MOTIVATION‐BASED ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL NORMS

Abstract It is now commonplace to regard social norms as a subject of growing interest in the economic literature (e.g. game theoretical approaches based on ‘other‐regarding’ individual preferences, the analysis of the impact of rewards or punishment on individuals’ behaviour through experimental economics as well as field experiments, the revival of the institutionalist tradition spurred on by the influential work of Douglas North and followed by many others and the growing influence of neuroeconomics). In this paper, we focus on the relationship between incentives and social norms and survey the literature that could constitute the foundations of a motivation‐based economic analysis of social norms. Our main findings are that (1) the interaction between incentives and social norms is far from obvious since taking social norms into account involves the introduction of supplementary motives, in addition to self‐interest, into the economic analytical framework; (2) the analysis of the interaction between incentives and social norms resists an approach exclusively in terms of crowding‐in and ‐out effects because it is sensitive to whether it concerns behaviours driven by honour or by social stigma; (3) as a result, it is difficult to precisely evaluate the policy implication of the interactions between incentives and social norms.     

Regret in auctions: theory and evidence

The sealed-bid first-price auction of a single object in the case of independent privately-known values is the simplest auction setting and understanding it is important for understanding more complex mechanisms. But bidders bid above the risk-neutral Nash equilibrium theory prediction. The reasons for this “over bidding” remain an unsolved puzzle. Several explanations have been offered, including risk aversion, social comparisons, and learning. We present a new explanation based on regret and a model that explains not only the observed over bidding in sealed-bid first-price auctions, but also behavior in several other settings that is inconsistent with risk aversion. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation.     

THEORY AND EVIDENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY AND ECONOMICS ABOUT MOTIVATION CROWDING OUT: A POSSIBLE CONVERGENCE?

The empirical relevance of motivation crowding out is a controversial issue in economics and psychology. As already pointed out by Frey and Jegen ( 2001 ), this is partly due to the historical development of two distinct and parallel strands of literature that stem from different theoretical traditions, have radically different tenets and therefore, are difficult to reconcile. In this survey, we go back to the details of the debates that took place independently among psychologists and economists, and sketch an integrative interdisciplinary approach likely to favor a more fruitful collaboration between economics and psychology. From this perspective, experimental economics (both field and laboratory) is viewed as a major research field shedding new light on the conditions of relevance of motivation crowding out.     

邢台市在京津冀都市圈中的发展新思路

邢台市处于京津冀都市圈辐射范围,京津冀都市圈是我国继长三角、珠三角之后第三大最具发展潜力的经济区域,目前区域内的分工合作已具备一定规模。然而,邢台市在京津冀都市圈发展中却没有得到预期的效果,反而,在承接并大力发展了一些转移产业后却形成了巨大的环境威胁。邢台市如何找准自己的定位,如何协同京津等中心城市共同进步,如何建立"两型"社会,需要我们开拓思路,深入研究。     

信号与系统实验课程教学改革的研究与探索

分析了目前信号与系统实验课程存在的问题,结合多年从事信号与系统实验教学经验,提出一系列改革方案。实践证明这些方法有助于提高教学质量,增强学生的学习兴趣,逐步培养学生的创新意识,促进了对学生综合能力的培养。     

Environmental versus Human-Induced Scarcity in the Commons: Do They Trigger the Same Response?

We study appropriation strategies in common pool resources where extinction is a credible threat. Here we present an experimental study of the appropriation of common pool resources in a dynamic setting where resource availability depends on the initial environmental characteristics of the common resource and on human-induced resource depletion due to users’ appropriation patterns. Our results show that initial resource scarcity limits appropriation by inducing an initial caution among users that persists throughout of the game. Additionally, we find that subjects restrain their appropriation strategies when scarcity increases. However, this concern for resource scarcity is not enough to prevent resource depletion. Agents do not counteract the previous rounds’ appropriation strategies but follow the appropriation trend. High appropriation levels are followed by higher appropriation strategies, thus promoting the well known tragedy of the commons. Often concern for resource preservation is not great enough to limit appropriation.