甲泼尼龙与利伐沙班联合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺栓塞患者的临床效果

目的 探讨甲泼尼龙与利伐沙班联合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺栓塞患者的临床效果.方法 选取2019年3月至2020年5月江门市中心医院收治的76例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺栓塞患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各38例.对照组给予利伐沙班治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合甲泼尼龙治疗,比较两...     

喹诺酮类抗生素联合前列舒通胶囊对慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者的疗效及对免疫炎症指标的影响

目的 探讨喹诺酮类抗生素联合前列舒通胶囊对慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者的疗效及对免疫炎症指标的影响.方法 选取2020年3—6月在中一东北国际医院有限公司接受治疗的92例CBP患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各46例.对照组给予喹诺酮类药物治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上另服用前列舒通胶囊.比较两组疗效,治...     

组织动机氛围对员工知识隐藏行为的影响

知识隐藏是知识管理领域的重要议题。目前,关于知识隐藏前因的研究已经取得很大进展,但对于员工知识隐藏行为在组织层面的影响因素却鲜有涉及。鉴于此,基于调节焦点理论,探讨组织动机氛围对员工知识隐藏行为的影响过程,并探究情境性调节焦点在其中的中介作用以及特质性调节焦点的调节作用。对276份企业员工调查问卷进行统计分析,结果表明：情境促进型焦点在掌控氛围与知识隐藏的负向关系间,以及情境防御型焦点在绩效氛围与知识隐藏的正向关系间均起部分中介作用,特质性调节焦点负向调节情境性调节焦点与知识隐藏间的关系。     

Budget impact analysis of bioabsorbable drug-eluting sinus implants following endoscopic sinus surgery

Objective: Propel is a bioabsorbable drug-eluting sinus implant inserted following an endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The objective of this study was to estimate the budget impact of incorporating Propel post-ESS for CRS patients from a self-insured employer or third-party payer perspective.

Methods: An Excel-based budget impact model was developed. Estimates of the prevalence of CRS, rates of ESS, and effectiveness outcomes, along with direct and indirect costs from CRS were obtained from published literature. A total population of 1.5 million members was hypothesized for the analysis. All cost data were adjusted to October 2015 US dollars using the Medical Care Component of the Consumer Price Index. The cost and clinical/economic characteristics of Propel were compared to other treatments commonly used to minimize post-operative complications. The primary outcome was the incremental budget impact reported using per-member-per-month (PMPM) costs. Scenario-based, probabilistic, and one-way sensitivity analyses were performed to gauge the robustness of the results and identify the parameters with the most influence on the results.

Results: For a US self-insured employer or a commercial health plan of 1.5 million members, the incremental PMPM impact of incorporating Propel was estimated to range from ?Objective: Propel is a bioabsorbable drug-eluting sinus implant inserted following an endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The objective of this study was to estimate the budget impact of incorporating Propel post-ESS for CRS patients from a self-insured employer or third-party payer perspective.

Methods: An Excel-based budget impact model was developed. Estimates of the prevalence of CRS, rates of ESS, and effectiveness outcomes, along with direct and indirect costs from CRS were obtained from published literature. A total population of 1.5 million members was hypothesized for the analysis. All cost data were adjusted to October 2015 US dollars using the Medical Care Component of the Consumer Price Index. The cost and clinical/economic characteristics of Propel were compared to other treatments commonly used to minimize post-operative complications. The primary outcome was the incremental budget impact reported using per-member-per-month (PMPM) costs. Scenario-based, probabilistic, and one-way sensitivity analyses were performed to gauge the robustness of the results and identify the parameters with the most influence on the results.

Results: For a US self-insured employer or a commercial health plan of 1.5 million members, the incremental PMPM impact of incorporating Propel was estimated to range from ?$0.003 to $0.036, respectively, for all members in the health plan. Sensitivity analyses identified the cost of Propel, probability of polyposis recurrence requiring medical intervention, probability of adhesion formation requiring surgical intervention, and the treatment costs for polyposis as the primary parameters influencing the results.

Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the use of Propel following ESS procedures has a negligible impact on the budget of a US self-insured employer or payer. The upfront cost of Propel was offset by savings associated with reduced probability for polyp recurrence, adhesion formation, and their subsequent treatment.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of oxycodone with naloxone versus oxycodone alone for the management of moderate-to-severe pain in patients with opioid-induced constipation in Canada

Background:

Approximately 20–30% of Canadians suffer from chronic pain. Guidelines for the management of chronic pain support the use of controlled-release (CR) opioids to treat chronic pain. Although effective in managing chronic pain, oxycodone is associated with high rates of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). The cost-effectiveness of a combination of oxycodone for the management of pain and naloxone for the relief of OIC has not previously been evaluated for Canada.

Methods:

A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-utility of combination oxycodone/naloxone compared to oxycodone alone in four populations. Drug costs for managing pain and healthcare costs related to managing OIC were included in the analysis and the primary measure of effectiveness was quality adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from OIC rates observed in clinical trials. The analysis was conducted from a healthcare system perspective, used a 1-year time horizon, and results were expressed in 2015 Canadian dollars.

Results:

In all four patient populations, there was a trade-off between slightly higher total expected costs for Targin treated patients compared to oxycodone treated patients, but also improved clinical benefits in terms of reduced OIC, which resulted in higher QALYs for patients. Although analgesic costs were found to be slightly higher for Targin treated patients, Targin also resulted in cost offsets to the healthcare system in terms of less rescue laxative drug use and other resources required for the management of OIC. The resulting 1-year cost-utility of Targin compared to oxycodone ranged from $2178–$7732 per QALY gained in the base case analysis, and it was found that these cost-utility results remained robust and at low values throughout a series of one-way deterministic analyses of uncertainty.

Conclusion:

The clinical effectiveness of oxycodone/naloxone in managing pain and OIC compared to CR oxycodone alone resulted in low cost-utility estimates.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia

Aim:

A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed for sequential treatments of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after failure of 1st line imatinib, from a commercial payer perspective in the US.

Methods:

A Markov model was developed to simulate lifetime treatment costs and health outcomes for TKI sequences for treatment of patients resistant or intolerant to 1st-line imatinib. Five health states were included, chronic phase 2nd-line TKI, chronic phase 3rd-line TKI, chronic phase post-TKI, advanced phases, and death. Efficacy (response achievement, loss of response, transformation, death) and safety (adverse events incidence, discontinuation) data are based on clinical trials. Resource utilization, costs, and utilities were based on product labels and publically available data. Uncertainty analyses were conducted for key inputs.

Results:

In patients failing imatinib, dasatinib-initiating treatment sequences provide the most survival (ΔLYs?=?0.2–2.0), QALYs (ΔQALYs?=?0.2–1.9), and accrue highest CML-related costs (ΔCosts?=?$64,000–$222,000). The average ICER per QALY for dasatinib- vs imatinib-initiating sequences is $100,000 for an imatinib-resistant population. The average ICER per QALY for dasatinib- vs nilotinib-initiating sequences is $170,000 for an imatinib-resistant population, and $160,000 for an imatinib-intolerant population.

Conclusions:

This analysis suggests that dasatinib is associated with increased survival and quality of life compared to high dose imatinib and to a smaller extent with nilotinib, among patients resistant or intolerant to 1st-line imatinib, primarily based on higher cytogenetic response rates observed in clinical studies of dasatinib. Head-to-head studies of sequential use of dasatinib and nilotinib are needed to validate the model findings of improved survival (LYs) with better quality-of-life (QALYs) for patients initiating dasatinib in 2nd-line. However, the model findings (in light of higher cytogenetic response rates with dasatinib) are supported by other studies showing improved quality-of-life for responders, and improved survival for patients achieving cytogenetic response.     

Co-calibrating quality-of-life scores from three pulmonary disorders: implications for comparative-effectiveness research

Background Efficient use of health resources requires accurate outcome assessment. Disease-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are designed to be highly relevant to patients with a specific disease. They have advantages over generic PROs that lack relevance to patient groups and miss crucial impacts of illness. It is thought that disease-specific measurement cannot be used in comparative effectiveness research (CER). The present study provides further evidence of the value of disease-specific measures in making valid comparisons across diseases.

Methods The Asthma Life Impact Scale (ALIS, 22 items), Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (LCOPD, 22 items) scale, and Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR, 25 items) were completed by 140, 162, and 91 patients, respectively. The three samples were analyzed for fit to the Rasch model, then combined into a scale consisting of 58 unique items and re-analyzed. Raw scores on the three measures were co-calibrated and a transformation table produced.

Results The scales fit the Rasch model individually (ALIS Chi² probability value (p-Chi²)?=?0.05; LCOPD p-Chi^2?=^?0.38; CAMPHOR p-Chi^2?=^?0.92). The combined data also fit the Rasch model (p-Chi^2?=^?0.22). There was no differential item functioning related to age, gender, or disease. The co-calibrated scales successfully distinguished between perceived severity groups (p?<?0.001).

Limitations The samples were drawn from different sources. For scales to be co-calibrated using a common item design, they must be based on the same theoretical construct, be unidimensional, and have overlapping items.

Conclusions The results showed that it is possible to co-calibrate scores from disease-specific PRO measures. This will permit more accurate and sensitive outcome measurement to be incorporated into CER. The co-calibration of needs-based disease-specific measures allows the calculation of γ scores that can be used to compare directly the impact of any type of interventions on any diseases included in the co-calibration.     

阿立哌唑合用小剂量氯氮平与阿立哌唑单用治疗女性慢性精神分裂症对照研究

目的探讨阿立哌唑合用小剂量氯氮平与阿立哌唑单用治疗女性慢性精神分裂症患者的临床疗效和不良反应。方法研究组20例应用阿立哌唑合用小剂量氯氮平治疗,对照组20例仅应用阿立哌唑单独治疗,应用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)和阴性症状量表(SANS)评定疗效,应用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果 BPRS评分两组间治疗前差异无统计学意义,治疗后在焦虑抑郁和思维障碍方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在活动多和总分方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。SANS评分治疗前两组间差异无统计学意义,治疗后在兴致缺乏/社交缺乏项差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。TESS统计两组不良反应出现情况大致相同。结论无论阿立哌唑合用小剂量氯氮平还是阿立哌唑单用对女性慢性精神分裂症患者均有肯定疗效,阿立哌唑合用小剂量氯氮平在改善活动多、提高兴致/社交等方面具有优势,且不良反应未增加。     

Work productivity loss due to flares in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy

Abstract

Objective:

Joint pain and swelling during gout flares may lead to considerable morbidity and disability, having an impact on patient work productivity and social participation. The objective of this study was to assess how gout flares affect these activities in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy.

Methods:

A 1-year prospective observational study was conducted among patients with symptomatic disease in the United States in 2001. Inclusion criteria required patients (1) to be age 18 years or older, (2) to have documented, crystal-proven gout, (3) to have symptomatic gout, and (4) to be intolerant or unresponsive to conventional therapy, reflected by SUA?≥?6.0?mg/dL. Patients were evaluated every 2 months. At each visit, patients completed a gout diary, which included number of flares experienced, duration and severity of each flare, and whether the flare caused: (1) work loss, (2) missed appointments or social events, or (3) impairment of self-care activities. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was also completed each visit.

Results:

Analyses were restricted to those who completed the first 6 months of the study (n?=?81). Mean number of flares per patient per year was 8.8. Of the patients who were <65 years, 78% reported at least 1 work day lost due to a gout attack during the year. Mean annual work day loss for those <65 years was 25.1 days. A total of 545 of patients reported at least one flare per year that impaired social activities, with a mean of 17.1 social days lost and 52% reported at least one flare per year that compromised normal self-care activities, with a mean of 16.9 days impairment. Correlations between the diary reports and activity-related questions from the SF-36 were significantly positive.

Limitations:

The study is limited by small sample size, lack of reference group, and inability to explicitly collect employment information. Age under 65 years was used as a proxy for employment eligibility.

Conclusion:

Flares in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy significantly affect patient work productivity and social activities.     

Incremental third-party costs associated with COPD exacerbations: a retrospective claims analysis

Abstract

Background:

Exacerbations are a major contributor to the large burden of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Estimates of exacerbation costs in the United States are limited.

Objective:

To estimate incremental costs associated with COPD exacerbation, particularly severe exacerbation, in the United States.

Methods:

COPD patients with at least one exacerbation were identified in the Thomson Reuters MarketScan administrative claims database. A COPD exacerbation was defined as patient use of oral or parenteral corticosteroids on the same day or within 7 days following a claim with a COPD diagnosis. Severe exacerbation was further defined if the exacerbation was associated with hospitalization or death. Healthcare costs and exacerbations were evaluated at quarterly intervals starting from patients’ first observed claim with COPD diagnostic code in the database. Incremental costs associated with exacerbation were estimated as cost differences between quarters with exacerbation and quarters without exacerbation.

Results:

A total of 2644,174 patient-quarters, derived from 228,978 COPD patients, were included in the analysis. The average patient was followed an average of 2.9 years. The mean total cost was $17,016 per patient-quarter with severe exacerbation, $6628 per patient-quarter with non-severe exacerbation, an average of $8726 per patient-quarters with any exacerbation compared to $4762 per patient-quarter with no exacerbation. After adjusting for patient demographics, the mean incremental total cost was $11,261 per patient-quarter with severe exacerbation, $1509 per patient-quarter for non-severe exacerbation, and $3439 per patient-quarter with any exacerbation compared with patient-quarters with no exacerbation.

Limitations:

The method used for defining exacerbations does not capture mild exacerbations. Additional limitations exist due to the nature of claims data.

Conclusions:

Exacerbations, especially severe ones, result in a significant economic burden for third-party payers. Effective management of COPD and prevention of exacerbations may lead to improved patient outcomes and reduction in total healthcare costs for long-term management of COPD.