Are all startups affected similarly by clusters? Agglomeration,competition, firm heterogeneity,and survival

Are all startups similarly affected by the survival benefits and drawbacks of locating in geographic clusters? In this paper, we argue that prior theorizing may have missed important contingencies that affect whether a startup experiences the benefits and costs of locating in a cluster. In particular, while the local levels of skilled labor, suppliers, and purchasers have a beneficial influence and local competition has a detrimental influence on startup survival, these relationships are moderated by heterogeneity in firms' resources and capabilities. We find support for these arguments using a dataset covering the early life of all independent startups in the Canadian manufacturing sector from 1984 to 1998.     

产业集聚视角下的军民融合发展问题研究——以陕西省为例

近年来,陕西省认真贯彻“军民结合、寓军于民”的方针和国家一系列法规政策,在军民结合产业发展方面进行了积极探索和创新,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效果.产业集聚对推动军民融合互动式发展具有重要意义,它可以有效地整合军地双方优质资源,推动军民融合产业发展,同时对地方经济发展有着重要的促进作用.本文从分析产业集聚对军民融合产业发展的重要性出发,详细剖析了陕西省军民融合产业集聚发展的基础及主要问题,提出应以“双百工程”为核心,依托重大项目,以龙头企业为基础,在体制机制上寻求更大突破,并以技术创新为动力,推进陕西军民融合产业集群化发展.     

A tale of Asian exchange rate management: Romance of the three currencies

Asian currencies lack regional policy coordination and are therefore subject to volatilities such as the Asian currency crisis of 1997/99. As the Asian currencies have already been observed to be ‘flying-in-unison’, a stable exchange rate arrangement can be helpful as the next step of evolution for regional financial stability. We consider that creating a cluster effect from coordinated efforts/policies of policy-makers can lead to regional exchange rate stability. To demonstrate this cluster effect, a three-party-game is computed for an Asian bloc, viz-á-viz US dollar and the Euro, based on a Nash and a cooperative equilibrium. The cluster effect would generate external and internal pressures that work towards the formation of a regional currency, although the exact form of exchange rate regime would have to await political consensus. There are substantial welfare gains within Asia network economy through currency cooperation. The formation of an Asian currency bloc would also create counter-balance to the current dominance of the US dollar and the Euro. Like the epic story of Three Kingdoms who sought hegemony in Chinese history, the Asian currency bloc will contend with many possible outcomes of competition as well as cooperation.     

中国海洋产业增长极选择研究

21 世纪是海洋的世纪,海洋经济在国民经济中起着举足轻重的作用,合理的发展模式对推动海洋产业经济发展尤为重要。本文以增长极理论为指导,采用不平衡发展模式、主成分分析法及聚类分析法对中国海洋产业经济增长极选择进行实证分析,结果表明：中国应以海洋渔业、滨海旅游业及海洋交通运输业作为主导产业进行发展,并确定其海洋产业增长极的地位。以此为契机,本文还进一步分析评价了海洋产业增长极的发展状况,以确定海洋产业发展战略,为中国海洋产业经济增长极的培育及国家海洋产业经济发展提供参考支撑。     

中国农村经济区域协调发展研究——基于经济发展程度与金融发展模式差异的视角

金融作为现代经济的核心,对于农村经济的发展具有积极的促进作用,但是当前中国农村地区存在较大的经济和金融差异,这就决定了农村金融发展模式的多样性。本文运用省际数据对中国农村区域进行了聚类分析,依据经济发展的差异将中国农村分为三个区域,并指出采取差异化的农村金融发展模式将有利于中国农村经济区域协调发展。     

银行业务地域特征和银行机构集聚

由于交通成本和信息成本的存在,银行业务呈现出一定的地域特征。不同的地域特征使得各个地区适合集聚的银行业务也存在差异。地方政府应该根据经济发展水平、金融业务资源禀赋、地理环境和金融生态环境等因素的实际情况,选择合适的政策措施,促进银行业务和银行机构的集聚。     

剥离环境因素的中国高技术产业创新效率综合测度研究

由于未剔除环境因素和随机误差的影响,运用传统数据包络分析（DEA）和随机前沿分析（SFA）对高技术产业创新效率进行研究,容易引起评价结果误差。采用二者相结合的三阶段DEA模型对高技术产业创新效率及其影响因素进行测度与分析,能够保证评价结果的有效性。研究结果显示：规模效率不足是限制我国高技术产业创新效率提升的关键因素;另外,市场开放度能够显著正向促进高技术产业创新效率提升,而政府资助、地区经济发展和地区竞争不利于创新效率提升。最后,对投入要素与技术效率进行聚类分析,将我国内地28个省市划分为4种创新类型,并〖JP〗提出提升高技术产业创新效率的政策建议。     

产业集群内生性集体行动影响因素案例研究与效度检验

基于利益集团等多重主流理论视角和半开放性编码技术的部分探索性案例研究,发现产业集群内生性集体行动受到内生需求、长期导向、本地嵌入、政策激励、同行反应、协会治理、集群规模和集群类型等因素的综合影响。经因子分析和逐步回归等方法检验,上述影响因素组合具有较为理想的建构效度和效标效度。其中,内生需求、长期导向、本地嵌入、政策激励、同行反应和协会治理等属于正面激发因素,对集群企业参与内生性集体行动具有积极促进作用,而集群规模和集群类型等则属于负面阻碍因素,对集群企业参与内生性集体行动具有消极抑制作用。     

Governing cooperation hazards of outsourced municipal low contractibility transactions: An exploratory configuration approach

Increasingly, public sector organizations (PSOs) outsource the delivering of important welfare services. This gives rise to important questions of how PSOs can control their suppliers. The purpose of this paper is to show how PSOs manage cooperation hazards of low contractibility transactions, i.e., activities expected to be difficult to govern. The paper applies a taxonomic configuration approach which means we apply a holistic view on the governance of suppliers and search for internally congruent governance packages that also are adapted to the context of the transactions. We find indications of the importance of internal congruence in governance packages in order to effectively deal with cooperation hazards. We also notice that the intensity in and types of controls in inter-organizational relationships are affected by the amount of cooperation hazards. A conflict between a relational and a bureaucracy-based governance package in one of the configurations is argued to be the main driver behind lower expectations about positive behaviour from suppliers.