The effects of tariff increases on supply base complexity: A conceptual framework

Recent protectionist trends around the world have raised interest in newly enforced or increased tariffs and their effects on global supply chains. For firms sourcing globally, tariff introductions or increases significantly affect importing costs, which ultimately affect product costs. Such tariff changes may incentivize firms to adjust their supply base to mitigate these cost increases, thus altering the structure and complexity of firms' supply bases. In this paper, we first characterize the U.S. tariff landscape from 1997 to 2017. We then develop a conceptual model to explain how the severity and timing uncertainty of expected tariff increases influence a firm's speed of adapting to the changing tariff environment. Specifically, we explore firms' propensity to form or delete ties to suppliers, which influences supply base complexity. Moreover, we consider factors that moderate the relationship between severity, timing uncertainty, and supply base complexity, including a tariff's geographical scope, a firm's relative purchase spend, and supply risk. Our conceptual model offers both research and managerial implications.     

众创空间支持对大学生创客团队创新绩效影响机制研究

众创空间是创客运动的主要载体，为大学生创客团队提供最直接的创新环境和服务。首先，基于组织支持理论，提出众创空间支持构念，并将其分为众创空间创新氛围和众创空间项目运作支持两个维度；其次，研究众创空间支持对大学生创客团队创新绩效的影响，分析大学生创客团队创新能力与大学生创客团队效能感在以上关系中所起的中介作用和调节作用。以179个创客团队为研究样本，采用问卷调查法，实证发现众创空间支持的两个维度对大学生创客团队创新绩效均有显著正向影响；大学生创客团队创新能力在以上关系中起中介作用；大学生创客团队效能感正向调节大学生创客团队创新能力与创新绩效间的关系。     

Does federal financial aid affect college enrollment? Evidence from drug offenders and the Higher Education Act of 1998

In 2001, amendments to the Higher Education Act made people convicted of drug offenses ineligible for federal financial aid for up to two years after their conviction. Using rich data on educational outcomes and drug charges in the NLSY 1997, we show that this law change had a large negative impact on the college attendance of students with drug convictions. On average, the temporary ban on federal financial aid increased the amount of time between high school graduation and college enrollment by about two years, and we also present suggestive evidence that affected students were less likely to ever enroll in college. Students living in urban areas are the most affected by these amendments. Importantly, we do not find that the law deterred young people from committing drug felonies nor did it substantively change the probability that high school students with drug convictions graduated from high school. We find no evidence of a change in college enrollment of students convicted of non-drug crimes, or of those charged by not convicted of drug offenses. In contrast to much of the existing research, we conclude that, for this high-risk group of students, eligibility for federal financial aid strongly impacts college investment decisions.     

公共安全管理专业“双师型”教师队伍建设刍议——针对高职院校

公共安全管理专业是培养掌握基本专业知识和能够对突发事件立即作出反应的人才。目前我国公共安全管理专业存在有实际行业从业经验的教师比例偏少,兼职教师队伍满足不了高职院校发展的需要,公共安全管理专业双师型教师培养基地缺乏,双师型教师的考评体制不健全等问题。依据培养目标的要求,针对有关问题,当前加强高职院校公共安全管理双师型教师队伍建设,应该培养和建立一支专兼职结合的公共管理专业师资队伍,探索"双师型"教师成长规律,创新"双师型"教师培养机制,加快高等职业院校"双师型"教师培养培训制度建设,把高职院校公共安全管理专业"双师型"教师队伍建设作为一项经常性工作,与时俱进地常抓不懈。     

Analysis of brand preference segments

Market segments are defined in this article on the basis of a vector of preference levels for alternative brands. The proposed analytical procedure does not require the usual assumption of homogenous perceptions. The resulting segments are shown to differ in perceptions of the brands, correlations of attribute-specific perceptions with preference, and product-oriented AIO measures. A common joint space developed from a common discriminanr configuration of brand perceptions is compared with separate joint spaces for two of the segments. The results reveal unique brand configurations and attribute orientations for these segments, and the fit of preference vectors in these unique spaces is superior to that in the common joint space. These findings lead to the conclusion that the commonly made assumption of homogenous preceptions is unwarranted and can lead to erroneous managerial implications.     

改进高职高专英语口语教学效果的建议

英语口语是英语学习的重要内容，是衡量英语学习效果的重要标准，是高职高专英语专业必修课。结合高职教学“职业化，实用性”的要求，提高高职高专英语专业学生口语综合运用能力和实践交际能力，应从学习者和教育者两个方面进行突破。     

多媒体教学环境在英语课堂中可行性的分析研究

随着多媒体技术和网络技术的不断发展,传统的大学英语教学方法、手段和理念已不能满足时代的需要,英语教学面临着新的压力。本文分析了在大学英语课堂教学中应用多媒体技术的优越性及必要性,并阐述了在多媒体环境下英语课堂教学设计的原则,同时强调了大学英语多媒体教学要注意的问题和面临的挑战,对于实现和优化大学英语课堂教学具有一定的借鉴意义。     

优化育人环境,以文化建设促学校发展

文化是高等学校发展的灵魂,高等教育在进入内涵发展的新阶段后,学校文化建设越来越重要。高校要从物质文化、精神文化、制度文化、校园文化等方面加强文化建设,在引领文化和服务社会中突显自身的价值。     

The industrial proposal as a promotional tool

The industrial marketer's promotional tool, the formal proposal, has been little more than an informative but relatively dull statement of supplier qualifications and technical specifications. This article outlines the phases of conventional bidding or proposal preparation, employs exploratory research findings to help identify current weaknesses, and introduces the emerging storyboarding process as a stimulus to the increased vitality of the industrial promotional atmosphere.     

New replacement part buying

This article reports on buying industrial equipment in the paper manufacturing industry. An analysis of written call reports by sales representatives at 26 paper mills, and interviews with sales representatives indicated that several generalizations on industrial buying behavior for this industry are possible. Buying behavior for the equipment part describes five decision stages and five overlapping buying centers.