The investment tax credit in capital replacement: A simulation

Congressional intent in passing various versions of the investment tax credit has been to stimulate increased investment in capital goods. This paper examines the impact of ITC on the replacement component of investment from the standpoint of the individual firm. The simulations run assume that the firm incorporates correctly all tax effects, to arrive at the optimal replacement decision. The results imply that from the micro standpoint, the law does not necessarily generate the intended behavior. As implications for policy, further research in this area should focus on individual firm action rather than on macro models.     

Entry inclinations under uncertainty

This paper considers the market entry decision of a potential entrant that behaves as if it knew the future market demand and its own cost schedules, and formulates a set of probability judgements as to the unknown output rates that its future rivals will maintain. The special case where entry is free and each in-market seller, as well as the potential entrant, assumes that the others will not alter their production provokes the classic Cournot-Stackelberg situation. Although one might suspect that uncertainty would tend to inhibit entry as compared with an equivalent, in the expected-value sense, certainty situation, this is not at all the case. The suspucion is not necessarily true even when management is risk averse.     

Tactical product decisions

The focus of this article is a discussion of both how and when to make tactical product decisions for existing products. Although the literature refers to these decisions in the context of strategic planning, the author considers that it is inadequate in explaining how and when these decisions should be arrived at relative to tactical planning. A range of criteria for tactical decisions is proposed.     

Creating low consumer product expectations

The introduction of generic grocery products brought warnings from trade observers that retailers might suffer negative consequences from consumer dissatisfaction with these products. This study investigated consumer expectations and the degree of satisfaction provided consumers by one category of generic products. The study also examined some relationships between the creation of these satisfaction levels and appropriate retail strategies.The study consisted of 320 homemakers evaluating the effect on posttrial satisfaction of positive and negative disconfirmation of expectations concerning generic peaches. The findings suggest that positive disconfirmation increased satisfaction ratings, whereas negative disconfirmation decreased satisfaction ratings. The relationship between merchandising techniques utilized on generic products and consumers' formation of expectations as observed in the study indicates that, in terms of creating satisfaction, promotion of generic products with essentially negative cues has been appropriate.     

Measuring the performance of industrial salespersons

Sales force performance is a critical concern of most industrial firms, yet in this area of research there are difficulties in measuring salespersons performance. Issues relevant to measuring the performance of industrial salespersons are reviewed. A self-report performance scale developed and evaluated based on the responses of 200 salespersons and 42 managers from five major industrial firms is presented.     

扩招后大学毕业生数量增长对城市产业结构升级的影响

通过计算城市技术复杂度指标,利用2003-2013年286个城市的面板数据,考量扩招带来的高校毕业生人数增长对当地产业结构升级影响,结果显示：扩招后高校毕业生人数增长对城市产业升级整体上有促进作用,这种促进作用在不同规模的城市具有显著差异。在中等规模城市的产业升级过程中,大学生吸收技术和创新能力需要通过更多的外商投资和更高的市场化程度实现。而对于大型城市,提高专业化程度是产业结构升级的核心,更有利于发挥大学生的专业技能优势。此外,居民的消费结构升级是城市产业结构升级的重要推力。地方政府应继续扩大开放,吸引外资,推动市场化和专业化分工,有效发挥大学生在推动城市产业升级方面作用。     

浅论大学精神在大学课堂教学中的贯彻

大学课堂是进行大学教育的重要场所,以何种大学精神指导大学课堂决定了大学能培养出何种人才。在这种精神的指导下,我们的大学课堂应该承担怎样的任务,大学教师又将承担何种职责,这是本文将要解决的问题。     

优化校园文化环境,全面推进大学生素质教育

校园文化是素质教育的有效载体,它在培养学生的综合素质,特别是对于陶冶学生情操、培养健全人格、促进学生健康成长和全面成才方面有着不可替代的作用。     

探析构建以艺体生为中心的大学英语分级教学模式

大学英语分级教学是关注学生个体差异的教学改革新理念。从学生角度,分级教学体现了英语教学的人文性,它能有效提高学生的英语学习质量和培养学生英语学习的积极情感,抑制消极情感的产生;从教师视角,它能有利于培养教学和科研于一身的英语教师团队。在艺体生中实施大学英语分级教学有其可行性和实效性。