Export attitudes of industrial manufacturers

Small and medium-sized firms in three “high-tech” manufacturing industries were analyzed, in terms of their export attitudes and behavior, in order to provide beginning exporters and export promotion agencies with guidance to avenues of export success. Based on industry differences investigated, the study finds that managers in firms involved in exporting in each industry have similar attitudes toward international marketing opportunities, but that each industry exhibits different characteristics and strategies for exporting. Help is mainly needed in the areas of international communications and service delivery. The authors propose fewer government subsidies for export financing and more emphasis on encouraging joint ventures for service delivery purposes.     

Mutual forbearance as an extension of oligopoly theory

This paper extends a simple duopoly model to include the cross-market effects of mutual forbearance behavior. The model yields more familiar duopoly results as special cases. A more general m-firm, n-market oligopoly model is also considered. The results suggest that cross-market mutual forbearance effects can be viewed from the same theoretical perspective as are conventional assumptions about conjectural variations within markets.     

A fundamental flaw of debt limitations for state and local governments

Debt limitations, though adopted with the noblest of intentions, have failed to reduce governmental borrowing because of the ease with which they can be circumvented. This article identifies a critical deficiency of debt limitations: the difficulty of developing a definition of debt that is broad enough to prevent governments from using subterfuges to increase borrowing capacity and yet is sufficiently narrow to enable them to carry out their assigned functions. It reviews the history of debt limitations and the judicial interpretations of them. It shows how courts have analyzed leases and other executory contracts that create debts so as to permit form to take precedence over economic substance.     

Issues in fitting theoretical and measurement models in marketing

This article reviews the applications of linear structural equation modeling in business. It further examines the extent to which measurement models are constructed to fit theory models. The consensus appears to be that modelers intuitively use congeneric models without considering the appropriateness of such use. The other measurement models, such as tau equivalent or parallel form models are used very little in the literature. In addition, there is no use of common factor measurement models. The article also examines the extent to which various indices of fit are used in modeling marketing phenomena. Although chi square tests of model fit are used most frequently, the study documents increasing use of yet other indices, which perhaps more accurately reflect the extent to which the model fits.     

当今大学生的就业价值观及成因分析

大学生就业难已成为全社会关注的问题。在面对竞争力日益加剧的劳动力市场,大学生如何摆正自己的就业价值观,是当前大学生亟待解决的一个重大问题。文章就当前大学生就业观的现状,试图探讨大学生就业价值观的深层困惑,端正心态面对就业。     

Corporate social responsibility and provision of trade credit

In this article, we identify and examine three different views of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the relationship between CSR and firms’ provision of trade credit. The trust view of CSR argues that CSR and trade credit provision are related positively, because CSR, as a trust-enhancing device, complements the incomplete contract nature of trade credit. The CSR literature shows that CSR firms tend to have higher cash holdings. With this in mind, the precautionary motive view of CSR suggests that cash holdings serve as a hedge against trade credit risk, while, on the other hand, the substitution view of CSR predicts that cash hoarding discourages the provision of trade credit. Using a dataset of 20,591 firm-year observations from 1991 to 2015, we find strong evidence that supports both the trust and substitution views of CSR but not the precautionary view of CSR.     

浅谈大学英语教学中听写的作兵

听写是提高英语综合应用能力的一种有效手段。本文着重介绍了听写在英语教学中所起的五个方面的作用以及三种听写形式，强调教师应注意听写材料的选择，帮助学生掌握听写的技巧。     

辽宁省高校创新团队运行机制浅析

通过对辽宁省高校创新团队4年建设情况的总体评价，从三个方面阐述了具有辽宁特色的高校创新团队运行机制选择的合理性和有效性。同时结合当前辽宁省科技、经济和社会发展新的需要，针对高校创新团队运行机制，从进一步完善辽宁省高校44新团队评价指标体系，进一步完善辽宁省高校创新团队管理机制，跨学科、跨地区、跨单位组建高校创新团队等方面提出建议。     

大学生“三精神”现状调查及其培育途径研究

以广东某高校2万多名本科生为主要调查对象,采取无记名随机问卷调查、个别访谈等形式对当前大学生＂团队精神、吃苦精神和奉献精神＂现状开展了调查,并对其成因和培育途径进行了研究。其中志愿者服务、军学共建、社会实践、主题党团日及素质拓展等系列活动是大学生＂三精神＂培育与强化的有效途径。