Local institutions: Regulation and valuation of forest use—Evidence from Central Sulawesi,Indonesia

Forest management poses particular challenges as the pressure on forests is huge due to deforestation. In this context, the establishment of protected areas is a common conservation measure where institutions are put in place and sanctions regarding forest use are enforced. This paper focuses on the practice of sustainable forest management and the associated perspectives of local institutions at the rainforest margins of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.     

Design of Digital Agricultural Extension Tools: Perspectives from Extension Agents in Nigeria

Given the marked heterogeneous conditions in smallholder agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a growing policy interest in site-specific extension advice and the use of digital extension tools to provide site-specific information. Empirical ex-ante studies on the design of digital extension tools and their use are rare. Using data from a choice experiment in Nigeria, we elicit and analyze the preferences of extension agents for major design features of ICT-enabled decision support tools (DSTs) aimed at site-specific nutrient management extension advice. We estimate different models, including mixed logit, latent class and attribute non-attendance models. We find that extension agents are generally willing to use such DSTs and prefer a DST with a more user-friendly interface that requires less time to generate results. We also find that preferences are heterogeneous: some extension agents care more about the effectiveness-related features of DSTs, such as information accuracy and level of detail, while others prioritise practical features, such as tool platform, language and interface ease-of-use. Recognising and accommodating such preference differences may facilitate the adoption of DSTs by extension agents and thus enhance the scope for such tools to impact the agricultural production decisions of farmers.     

北京高职院校推进社区教育发展模式研究--以创建通州社区学院为例

推进社区教育和终身学习是新时期高职院校的三大职能之一,社区学院则是开展社区教育和终身学习的主要载体,北京职业教育发展的新阶段下高职院校探索创建社区学院将成为新常态。依托国家级示范校北京财贸职业学院创建通州社区学院的“首都-财贸”模式理论上可行、实践上可操作,将为首都职业教育的发展注入新活力,并丰富和完善通州北京城市副中心的教育版图和布局。     

万佛山丹霞湿地水生植物资源及群落

位于湖南省通道县的万佛山风景区,境内受亚热带湿润季风气候的影响,及丹霞地貌特定生态环境的作用,其境内具有较为发育的丹霞湿地植被。通过调查,发现共有水生植物32科57属84种,其中挺水植物有53种,浮水植物有15种。沉水植物有16种。境内保存着一批珍稀濒危植物,特别是其独有的中华水韭群落,还有野菱、野睡莲群落。并对水生维管植物资源及其群落进行了分析,为今后的合理利用与保护提供科学建议。     

A contribution to the assessment of scenic quality of landscapes based on preferences expressed by the public

The purpose of this paper is to validate a model for predicting the public's preference for a landscape using simple statistical techniques. The model assigns numerical values to 42 landscape variables grouped into physical, aesthetic and psychological attributes. The landscape value is obtained using an additive value function. The results of the model on certain landscapes are compared with the preference expressed by the public in a survey of 183 people.The homogeneity of the survey responses was checked in each photograph. It was determined that means and standard deviations of the scores represent the true preference.A strong positive association was observed between preference and certain landscape attributes such as expression, soil use or colour. A marked negative association was detected with respect to landscape alterations.A linear regression was carried out to analyse the predictive capacity of the model. The independent variable was the global score assigned by the model to each photograph and the dependant variable was the mean of the scores assigned by the survey respondents. The high level of correlation obtained indicates that the model is a good predictor of the public's preferences in relation to the set of photographs shown in the survey.To complete the analysis of the model as a preference predictor, a multiple linear regression was carried out between the mean score obtained in the survey and the model elements. Attributes and variables that have the greatest influence on pubic preference were detected.     

A study on the tourism practitioners＇ perception of tourism impact： a case study of Hainan,China

This study examines the urban population of tourism practitioners perceptions of economic, environmental, and social impacts on cultural, convention, and sport tourism may have in Haikou and Sanya. Hainan, China. The study uses a modified Urban Tourism Impact （UTI） to examine economic, environmental, and social perceived impacts. Analysis of the data includes testing three models of structural relationships between tourism impacts and support for development in each of the tourism market sub-divisions through a confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study show that the positive economic impacts consistently exert influence on predicting support for tourism development in all three models. However; the social impacts play a greater explanatory role with all three market segment, the negative environmental impacts play a role in determining support for sport tourism only. Differences have been found with those with a higher education level in predicting support for cultural tourism, but not convention or sport tourism.     

Reforms,globalization, and endogenous agricultural structures

In this article, I draw lessons from two quasi‐natural experiments (the transition process in former Communist countries and the rapid globalization of food chains) on the optimality of farms and agricultural structures more generally. I argue that (a) the farm structures that have emerged from the transition process are much more diverse than expected ex ante; (b) this diversity is to an important extent determined by economic mechanisms which are influenced by initial conditions and reform policies; (c) non‐traditional farm structures have played an important role during transition because they were optimal to address the specific institutional and structural constraints imposed by the transition process; (d) there is more diversity than often argued in the farms that are integrated in global food chains; (e) endogenous institutional (contracting) innovations in food chains may lock existing farm structures in a long‐run institutional framework; and (f) indicators based on farm structures are not a good measure of welfare effects of the globalization of food chains.     

城市社区整合与妇女社区意识构建--以广州市东山区为个案研究

城市社区建设愈来愈成为城市管理和城市工作的基础和核心,整合社区资源,深化社区服务功能,满足社区居民物质和精神文化的需要,已成为社区建设的根本目标和主要工作方向,而妇女社区意识的养成和构建,则是社区建设成功与否的关键所在,笔者认为应加强社区硬件和软件设施的建设,增强妇女对社区的认同感、归属感和参与感,使社区建设真正实现共享、共建、共管的最终目标。     

历史文化村镇的保护途径探讨——参与式社区规划途径的适用性

历史文化村镇保护的目的不仅在于保护其历史建成环境,保护其所代表的传统文化、民俗、社会关系等方面的原真性,更在于改善当地居民的居住环境,保持地区发展活力,以及促进传统文化的延续和发展。文中分析了现有历史文化村镇保护模式和途径存在的问题,提出应将传统城市规划和社区规划有效结合,建议历史文化村镇的保护应采用基于居民参与、社区自治和自助的参与式社区规划新途径,并详细阐述了参与式社区规划在历史文化村镇保护中的适用性、工作过程和路线以及特点。     

开放式社区交通微循环体系规划与运营

针对开放式社区成为城市交通的"贫民窟"问题,济南市交警率先开展了开放式社区交通微循环体系的规划与运营。交通微循环体系规划和管理并重,规划角度从打通支路网、渠化主要交叉口、加快停车设施建设、加强公建交通管理、慢行交通优先方面规范行车、停车秩序;管理角度从健全管理机制、构建长效机制、划拨专项资金、广纳社会建议方面体现属地管理理念。深刻剖析实践案例、实施步骤及具体问题的解决措施,确保规划与管理有效衔接。结果表明,开放式社区交通微循环投资省、周期短、见效快,社会反映好,极具推广价值。