The Bioeconomics of the Spatial Distribution of an Endangered Species: The Case of the Swedish Wolf Population

Conservation of endangered species often entails significant costs, and, from a social perspective, many species can be characterized as both environmental bads and goods. This paper concerns the management of one such species, the Swedish wolf (Canis lupus). The fact that the wolf tends to disperse over a wide area causes specific management problems. The goal is to choose a harvesting strategy, such that the discounted stream of net benefits from the wolf populations in different geographical regions is maximized. The spatial dimension is involved through emigration and immigration. The solution to the management problem is shown to be a modification of the classical rule of renewable resource exploitation, caused by the migration of wolves between regions. Empirically, this problem is solved by dividing Sweden into 13 geographical regions, and accounting for the existence values, harvesting benefits, and predation costs of the wolf population in each region. The results show that the geographical distribution of wolves, in absolute numbers, is very sensitive to the abundance of prey and to different assumptions regarding the economic parameters of the model. However, the relative distribution of wolves across the country is less sensitive to these assumptions. The highest densities of wolves were found in regions with low marginal costs, due to the abundance of prey in relation to the comparatively low number of human hunters utilizing the same prey as the wolves. The lowest population densities were found in regions with a low carrying capacity for the wolf or with high costs of depredation on reindeer.     

我国农民工进城务工收入的调查分析：2000—2008

农村劳动力转移是我国实现工业化必须面对的重大课题,也是解决我国三农问题的根本途径。现阶段我国农村劳动力转移突出地表现为农民工进城问题。农民工进城务工收入的高低,直接影响着我国农村劳动力转移的数量和质量。本文应用第一手调查资料,从农户行为的微观角度研究了我国农民工进城务工收入的变化趋势和影响因素。分析显示：从2000年到2008年,我国农民工进城务工的收入有了较大提高;年龄、性别、学历、收入水平、区位等因素的差异对农民工进城务工的收入有一定的影响。     

Does awareness about land tenure security (LTS) increase investments in agriculture? Evidence from rural households in Vietnam

Although previous studies have shown the importance to agricultural investments of awareness about land tenure security (LTS), to date, little quantitative evidence has been published regarding the effects of awareness about LTS. This study contributes to the current research by showing the causal effect on agricultural investments of awareness about LTS. In detail, we examine whether awareness about the increase in the duration of agricultural land-use rights improves farmers’ investments in agriculture. Under the new land law passed in November 2013 in Vietnam, the usage duration of annual cropland and aquaculture land increased significantly from 20 years to 50 years, which makes Vietnam a compelling case study for testing this hypothesis. We use panel data from the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) collected in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. The balanced panel data include 1834 households. Difference-in-difference with fixed effects (DID-FE) is employed to estimate the causal impacts. We find that awareness about the increase in the duration of agricultural land-use rights increases investments in irrigation/soil conservation/water conservation and the adoption of organic fertilizer, which supports the positive impacts of awareness about LTS on sustainable investments.     

劳动力外移、国际贸易与产业结构调整——基于1984—2004年中国数据的协整分析与格兰杰因果检验

伴随着经济全球化进程的不断加快,劳动力外移的浪潮不断高涨,对世界经济和国际贸易的发展带来了巨大的促进作用。近年来中国劳动力外移的数量同样迅猛增加,对中国经济的作用日趋彰显。本文在总结前人观点的基础上,利用1984—2004年的数据对中国的劳动力外移和对外贸易进行了协整分析和格兰杰因果检验,得出结论:我国劳动力外移和对外贸易之间的原因视不同的产业分别呈替代和互补关系,从而对我国产业结构的调整提出了不同的要求与发展思路。     

我国对美国白羽肉鸡产品反补贴案上游补贴规则的运用与述评

通过对美国肉鸡产品反补贴案法律规则适用情况的分析,发现这是我国商务部借鉴美国上游补贴规则的理论和实践,首次运用上游补贴规则进行补贴利益传递分析并做出肯定性裁决的案件。尽管在我国法律法规没有明文规定上游补贴规则的情况下,我国商务部的这种做法可能存在重大的法律瑕疵,但也表明了我国亟需制定上游补贴规则的紧迫现实。为此,现阶段我国的上游补贴立法和实践应注意投入产品所接受补贴的性质、上游补贴的保护对象、上游补贴的地域性限制及审慎适用等问题。     

移民立法的国际惯例及中国现状

通过对国际移民与各国移民法情况的介绍,阐述了移民立法的概念以及移民立法的国际惯例,分析了我国出入境管理相关法律法规的特点,并指出了我国在出入境管理中存在的问题。     

论毛泽东哲学思维模式的发展过程

毛泽东哲学思维模式是马列主义理论内核的辩证逻辑思维的中国化产物 ,其发展的社会性实践基础是有中国特色的共产主义群众教育模式。毛泽东哲学思想的体系和指导地位的形成同有中国特色的马列主义思想认识路线的确立相伴随。     

关于地勘企业集群化的思考

文章首次提出用地勘企业集群化概念探讨地勘企业及产品(劳务)雷同问题,分析了地勘中小企业集群化的特征,权衡了利弊,提出了兴利除弊的对策建议.