清末教育改革中督抚角色特征及对现代教育发展的启示

二十世纪初督抚以晚清地方权力膨胀为契机,在教育改革中充当了重要角色,深刻影响了中国教育近代化的行程。时过百年,中国的教育今非昔比,然而从权力角度而言,地方行政官员对教育发展的影响依然巨大。本文剖析了督抚在清末教育改革中的角色特征,以期对当前教育的发展有所启示。     

Combining forecasts: some results on exchange and interest rates

The aim of this work is to investigate whether the combination of forecasts plays an important role in the improvement of forecast accuracy Particular attention is paid to: (a) the methods of forecasting (the methods compared are neural networks, fuzzy logic, GARCH models, switching regime and chaotic dynamics); (b) combining the forecasts provided by the different methods. This work has also the aim of revising a short-term econometric forecast using a longer-term forecast. The revision process usually runs the opposite way (revision is made on a longer-term forecast using a short-term one to reflect the current available information, but it is not excluded that it is possible to proceed as described above. Daily data from the financial market is used. Some empirical applications on exchange and interest rates are given.     

Strategic behavior in financial markets

We describe a financial market as a noncooperative game in strategic form. Agents may borrow or deposit money at a central bank and use the cash available to them in order to purchase a commodity for immediate consumption. They derive positive utility from consumption and from having cash reserves at the end of the day, whereas being bankrupt entails negative utility. The bank fixes interest rates. The existence of Nash equilibria (both mixed and pure) of the ensuing game is proved under various assumptions. In particular, no agent is bankrupt at equilibrium. Asymptotic behavior of replica markets is discussed, and it is shown that given appropriate assumptions, the difference between a strategic player and a price taker is negligible in a large economy.     

我国商业银行利率敏感性缺口分析

金融自由化的迅猛发展使得中国银行业正面临着严峻的利率风险,识别和衡量利率风险并提升国内商业银行的利率风险管理能力,是我国商业银行利率风险管理面临的迫切问题。本文针对目前我国商业银行在利率市场化进程中所表现出来的特征,以中国工商银行为例通过利率敏感性缺口的方法实证分析我国商业银行目前所处的风险状态,并给出利率风险的防范和规避措施。     

Kalecki on money and finance

It is argued that Kalecki had a greater appreciation of the role of the monetary sector than has been generally recognized, and that Kalecki presented ideas which can be seen as now embedded in the structuralist post Keynesian analysis of endogenous money and in the circuitist approach. Six key features of Kalecki's monetary analysis are identified. The paper outlines Kalecki's dismissal of the ‘Pigou effect’ and the ‘Keynes effect’, and then discussion the relationship between the ‘principle of increasing risk’ and the nature of the supply of credit. It discusses interest determination in Kalecki's writings and the manner in which he distinguished different types of money.     

Consumer ethnocentrism,product necessity and quality perceptions of Russian consumers

Retail buyers in Russia have indicated that some customers have expressed a desire to purchase domestically produced products over imports. Consumer ethnocentrism has been proposed as a measure to provide retail buyers with the information necessary to market to these consumers. The purpose of this research is to determine if perceived product quality of products differs based on country of origin, product necessity and consumer ethnocentric tendency. A repeated measures ANOVA test indicates that perceived quality differs by necessity, by product, by country. A consumer ethnocentrism effect on the overall model, however, was not significant. We conclude that Russian consumers do perceive differences in product quality based on country of origin and product necessity, but that consumer ethnocentrism does not have an effect on perceived product quality.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.     

票据市场:利率市场化的最佳途径

现阶段 ,票据市场作为货币市场的枢纽和与资本市场对接的桥梁 ,能够克服其它货币子市场在实现利率市场化方面的诸多缺陷 ,并且从利率的决定机制、传导机制及调整机制来看 ,票据市场都是利率市场化最有效的突破口。     

商业银行利率风险控制策略分析

利率风险控制是利率风险管理的重要环节,也是识别、衡量利率风险工作的归结。按照是否涉及到资产负债表表内的项目,可将利率风险控制分为资产负债表内控制和资产负债表外控制。本文主要对资产负债表外控制策略进行分析,希望能为有效控制商业银行利率风险提供借鉴作用。