Adaptation investments and homeownership

This article develops a model where ownership improves the efficiency of the housing market as it enhances the utility of housing consumption for some consumers. The model is based on an extended Hotelling–Lancaster utility approach in which the ideal variant of housing is obtainable only by adapting the home through a supplementary investment. Ownership offers low costs of adaptation, but has high contract costs compared with renting. Consumers simultaneously choose housing demand and tenure, and because of the different cost structure only consumers with strong preferences for individual adaptation of the home choose ownership. This article analyses the consumer’s optimization. The model provides an explanation for the observation that homeowners typically live in larger dwelling units than tenants. It also provides an explanation for a high price of housing services tending to reduce homeownership rates.     

财务契约与公司治理

公司治理问题是国内外普遍存在的问题,本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,援引利益相关者“共同治理“的思想,并结合契约理论,从参与企业各个主体的契约出发,分析了公司治理中存在的问题,利用博弈论方法结合实际情况,试图设计较为合理的公司治理机制,以解决我国资本市场、信贷市场等存在的问题。     

Modelling Risk Perceptions of Stakeholders in Public–Private Partnership Toll Road Contracts

This paper investigates the risk perceptions of key stakeholder groups typically involved in public–private partnership (PPP) toll roads. Risk perceptions have an important impact on these PPP schemes for investing in public infrastructure. However, the nature and extent of risk associated with the specification of a PPP contract that commits contracting parties to deliver on their obligations remain unclear. In the context of major transport infrastructure, such as a new toll road, the often‐cited key risk to investors is the traffic (and hence demand) risk. There are, however, other risks, including political risk and media risk, the latter often causing untold harm resulting in modifications to the planned infrastructure. This paper develops a method to capture evidence on how public sector and private sector partners involved in previous PPPs perceive the levels of risk associated with each risk attribute, as a way of identifying the ex ante risk setting brought to negotiations in PPP toll road investments. Using a sample of 101 experts with contract experience in 32 countries, we develop a stated choice experiment and estimate a discrete choice model to quantify a risk profile index (RPI) to capture the perceived (relative) influence of each dimension of risk, and then identify sources of systematic differences in the RPI as a way of understanding the influence of personal traits and contextual and contractual factors.     

信誉资本与会计诚信契约的自动履行

由于受到 "成本--效益"因素的制约,会计诚信契约的强制履行不可避免存在履约盲区,信誉机制在会计诚信契约的自动履行中的作用不可或缺.信誉机制对会计诚信契约自动履约范围大小由会计规则执行者的私人履约资本决定,因此,建立一个有利于私人履约资本生成和积累的社会制度环境是提高会计诚信水平的重要途径.     

知识产权保护能促进经济增长吗？--基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

在Ginarte-Park方法的基础上,考虑到处于司法转型期的发展中国家的执法力度和立法强度,建立知识产权保护强度指标体系,将中国30个省、自治区、直辖市知识产权保护水平量化。接着运用面板数据分析方法,以人均实际GDP对数为被解释变量,以知识产权保护强度为解释变量,通过实证分析验证了我国加强知识产权保护与经济增长的关系,证明了中国的知识产权保护水平与经济增长之间的显著正相关关系。然后对东中西部地区分别进行实证分析,绘制了异常经济增长与知识产权保护强度的散点图,来作为稳健性检验的一部分。并通过对变量的相关系数矩阵图的分析,初步探讨了知识产权保护促进经济增长的具体路径。结果表明,在控制了时间效应后,知识产权保护强度能够解释省份个体效应的37.4%。     

城管行政执法实践中存在的法律问题调查研究

城管执法问题正日益成为学术界研究的热点.然而从目前的研究状况来看,绝大多数的研究都采取了理论分析的模式,从法理以及城管制度演变的角度探讨城管执法的利弊得失,缺少实地调查的数据支撑.为解决这一问题,通过采用社会调查的方法,对于城管执法进行研究,经过分析数据,从中可以反映出城管在执法实践中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策和解决办法.     

论城市行政执法的理论基础

目前有关城市行政执法问题的研究,更多地是从批判的角度思考问题,并且有相当部分的研究是结合案例进行的,这就导致了研究者在探讨问题时将自身置于事件之中,从而不可避免地将研究结论与个案联系在一起,导致研究成果的局限性.然而,城市行政执法不仅仅是行使处罚权的问题,还涉及到执法制度的构建等相关内容,应该放在一个行政执法大的框架下进行研究,探讨其理论基础和法律依据,理清城市执法的整体思路和制度设计思想.     

舆论监督与公安内部执法监督机制关系辨别

舆论监督与公安内部执法监督在当前执法规范化背景下显得尤为重要。但由于各自出发点、立足点、立场、权利保障公开性、执法互动性和权力行使方面存在着一定的分离,出现了此消彼长的不平衡现象。正确分析和辨别二者之间在立意价值、执法效能、执法目的、权力配置方面的关系,对于增强公安执法监督的效能和推进公安内部执法监督机制变革具有一定的现实意义。     

论城管行政执法体系的构建

我国各地的城管部门虽然有着同一称谓,但是其职责范围却不尽相同。在城管执法人员的编制上,有的是机关编制,有的是事业编制,有的是合同工,在执法的主体资格上也存在很大差异。目前我国还没有统一的相关城管执法立法,城管在执法过程中常常面临职责不清的情况。在执法过程中,执行难的问题时常发生。所以有必要对于城管执法问题进行研究,构建符合我国国情的城管执法体系,厘清城管执法与其他行政部门之间的责任范围,解决好城管执法过程中存在的相关法律问题。     

赋予工程质量监督机构执法主体地位的探讨

阐述了工程质量监督机构的主要职责、权限现状以及委托执法与授权执法模式的对比。指出,立法赋予工程质量监督机构执法主体地位,有利于提高工程质量监督机构依法行政能力,不仅于法有据、有地方立法成功实践可供借鉴,而且有利于从根本上完善国家工程质量管控体系。