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建筑工程后浇带施工研析

后浇带是在建筑施工中为防止现浇钢筋混凝土结构由于沉降、温度、收缩不均等因素可能产生的有害裂缝,按照设计或施工规范要求留设的临时施工缝,经一定时效后根据设计及规范要求再进行后浇封闭,形成整体结构.由于结构由后浇带连成整体,因此后浇带施工质量与结构质量休戚相关.后浇带处往往断面大,钢筋密集,模板支设难度大,杂物垃圾清理十分困难,砼振捣不密实,而有的管理人员认为后浇带混凝土浇筑面积小,没有引起足够重视,造成后浇带成为混凝土结构的薄弱环节,产生裂缝,造成渗水等质量隐患.     

Farmland prices and land-use changes in periurban protected natural areas

This paper provides empirical and conceptual insights in analysing the factors that determine the prices of farmland within Protected Natural Areas that are close to densely populated urban areas, the changes in land use experiences as well as the additional control policies needed to curb this unsustainable trend.The Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve nearby the metropolitan area of Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain) is the case study considered and its bordering non-protected rural area is used as a reference for comparison. A spatial hedonic farmland price model is estimated and the willingness of land purchasers to pay for different farmland characteristics quantified both inside and outside the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve. The main results are that: (1) residential development is taking place in all categories of farmland, (2) aside from neighbouring prices, farmland prices depend on different factors depending on whether the marketed plots stand inside or outside the Protected Natural Area, (3) the “reserve effect” on land prices is less powerful than the “proximity to the metropolitan area (and motorway) effect” observed from villages of the non-protected area located in the 3rd crown of Bilbao, (4) the reasons for farmers non-compliance with policy regulations is the necessary knowledge base for the farmland conservation policy design and (5) in the light of the results, three development-control policy instruments such as Payments for Ecosystem Services, Tradable Planning Permits and development-taxes are discussed considering the factors that could improve compliance.     

Self‐regulation through Goal Setting*

Goals are an important motivator. But little is known about why and how people set them. We address this issue in a model based on two stylized facts. First, goals serve as reference points for performance. Second, present‐biased preferences create self‐control problems. We show the power and limits of self‐regulation through goals. Goals increase an individual's motivation—but only up to a certain point. Furthermore, they are painful self‐disciplining devices. Thus, greater self‐control problems may result in tougher goals; but for a severe present bias goals either lack a motivating force, or are too painful to be accepted.     

坚持依法行政加强人权保障和救济

在当代中国社会政治经济发展中，保证政府权力在法律范围内行政，以保障公民之正当权益，加强人权保障和救济，具有重要意义。鉴于当前行政执法在人权保障问题方面还存在不少问题，行政法制建设应当把保障和促进公民权利作为核心内容。一是要加强行政法制建设，提高人权保障法制化水平；二是要严格依法行政，提高人权保障意识；三是重视侵权责任追究，落实侵权法律救济。     

人权与法制的关系及其发展的历史考察

人权法制化往往是先形成政治原则宣示和宪法中的人权原则,再逐步构建人权法律体系。从世界范围来说,先有国内人权立法,再发展到国际人权立法,反过来又推进国内人权法制。人权与法制不可分割。人权是法制的核心内容和根本价值,法制是人权的体现和保障。努力实现和健全人权法制,才能更好地保障和落实人权,全面发展人权事业。     

关于企业物流成本控制的对策研究

物流成本是指企业为实现货物、服务及其相关信息从产出地到消费者之间双向流动和储存所付出的代价。降低物流成本是企业的一个永远的课题,物流成本的控制所产生的经济效益和社会效益都是显著的,是企业第三利润来源的有效手段。因此,物流成本控制对于降低企业成本和提高企业产品的市场竞争力都具有重大的意义。     

石油化工管道安装常见问题及质量控制

石油化工工艺管道安装往往会遇到各种问题,如:环境问题、工程地点情况问题、材料方面问题、工程施工要求问题等等,这些问题对于实际的经验要求比较高,书面上的一些资料以及工程的设计要点难以解决安装中的问题。而如果安装中出现了一些问题,这些问题又不能得到及时的解决,那么工程的质量就难以得到保障,为今后的工程埋下隐患,因此,我们要对工程施工的过程进行严格的管理和监控,争取将工程的每个项目环节做到高效高质的完成。本文将根据工程的实际情况,将常见的问题综合一下并提出解决的办法,对石油化工管道的安装工程进行合理的分析。     

环境资源配置中的市场失灵

本文分析了在环境经济领域市场失灵的原因是由环境问题的外部性、环境质量的公共物品性和环境资源产权不清而引起的由此提出了纠正市场失灵的对策；主要靠征税、企业合并、科斯交易、产权界定和政府干预等措施。     

商品混凝土出现裂缝的原因及预防控制措施

在阐明混凝土裂缝的类型和机制的基础上,分析商品混凝土与普通混凝土的区别,并就商品混凝土易出现裂缝的原因提出具有针对性的预防控制措施。