基于公司治理的会计信息失真分析及治理研究

企业是一个利益相关者权利的集合体,公司治理的核心是剩余索取权和控制权的安排。会计信息在企业剩余索取权和控制权的安排中发挥着至关重要的作用,会计信息失真的深层原因在于企业的产权关系混乱、公司治理不完善、内部人控制问题严重。本文分析了公司治理失范对会计信息失真的影响,并在此基础提出治理会计信息失真应当从实质着手,理顺企业产权关系,完善公司治理,合理构建权力制衡机制,改革董事会的成员结构,在公司董事会之下设立财务委员会、审计委员会、调配监事会人员构成以强化监事会的监督职能。     

公司资本投资决策中管理者非理性行为及其原因研究

本文首先基于对实际决策行为的调研和文献研究,归纳出公司资本投资决策中管理者经常出现的12种非理性行为,并按资本投资决策的逻辑步骤将其分成3类;然后,针对每一种行为,根据访谈和行为决策理论,提出"产生这些行为的原因"假设;通过问卷调查和统计分析,发现被检验的38个假设中,有36个假设得到支持;最后,对36个假设的内容进行综合分析,得出每一种非理性行为产生的具体原因,揭示出行为背后的不确定因素、认知偏差和心理因素及其相互作用的思维框架,为改进公司资本投资决策方法与防范管理者非理性行为提供依据.     

智力资本与企业战略绩效:基于中国上市公司的实证研究

基于企业资源观的分析框架,从促进企业竞争优势的稀缺战略资源特性出发,构建了智力资本贡献于企业战略绩效的关系模型。采用上市公司2006-2008年的相关数据,对智力资本与企业战略绩效之间的相关性进行了实证研究。研究结果显示物质资本与企业战略绩效显著正相关,人力资本对企业具有积极的价值创造作用,结构资本与企业战略绩效呈一定程度的正相关关系。     

Block trades and the benefits of control in Slovenia1

Ownership and control have been concentrating in most transition countries. The consolidation of control introduces changes in the power distribution within privatized firms and, most importantly, redirects the corporate governance problem to a conflict between large and small shareholders. In this study, we evaluate the ownership changes in Slovenian privatized firms through an analysis of stock price reactions to the entrance of a new blockholder (the shared benefits of control) and through an estimation of the premiums paid for large blocks (the private benefits of control). We provide evidence of and discuss the reasons for the failures of the privatization investment funds in implementing control over firm managers and in promoting the restructuring of firms in the first post‐privatization years.     

日本企业再生措施研究——以不良债权处理为视角

为从根本上解决不良债权问题,使低迷的经济得以振兴,日本设立了多家政府主导的企业再生机构,致力于企业再生支援;同时,制定和修改了有关企业再生的法律,改进了企业再生手续,从而使简便、灵活地实施企业再生计划成为可能。这些措施促进了日本不良债权的处理和经济的复苏,对中国相关问题的解决也应具有参考价值。     

Ethics,Power and Communities: Corporate Social Responsibility Revisited

Ally-building can be an ethical pursuit in developing sources of power for the business manager. The commitment to social responsibility is a source of power, as well as an ethical practice for corporate endeavors. Pfeffer promotes a business manager’s ability to develop effectiveness with ties to powerful others in an intra-organizational environment. This paper advances an analysis about how individuals in corporations may use an inter-organizational approach to developing sources of power through a notion of corporate social responsibility. As such, a more meaningful qualitative reciprocity between corporations and the communities in which they operate can be developed. And, this relationship develops a source of power for the individual involved in this effort. In other words, relationships with powerful others in the community could develop by revisiting CSR based on reciprocity and exchange of sustainability in a community, rather than on a notion of paternal responsibility to some particular construct in society. Denise Kleinrichert has published papers on the areas of business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and applied ethics, as well as a book and a forthcoming chapter in socio-economic history. She has a Master in Liberal Arts degree in Humanities with an emphasis in Social and Political Thought from the University of South Florida, as well as her Bachelors degree in Economics with minors in Political Science and Sociology from Indiana University. She also has extensive corporate experience in human resources and risk management. Currently, she teaches Ethics and Business and Honors Applied Ethics at University of South Florida and is finishing her Ph.D. in Philosophy at this University.     

增强企业社会责任的着力点

社会责任问题在中国倍受关注。文章分析并阐述了增强企业社会责任必须明确的三大问题：何谓企业社会责任问题，为何要履行社会责任问题，以及怎样履行社会责任问题。     

The Economic Impact of the Lack of Transparency in Financial Reporting

Off-balance-sheet amounts are in the trillions of dollars, not including all transactions with off-balance-sheet implications. Financial managers and consultants intentionally structure transactions that are abusive of off-balance sheet accounting rules, which leads to a lack of transparency in financial reporting. This paper explores several ways in which companies manipulate off-balance sheet transactions to satisfy personal and business objectives as well as the impact of such manipulations. It is time for regulatory bodies to close the loopholes, eliminate overly rules-based standards, clearly state the economic objective of each standard, and require firms to disclose the economic motivations for the accounting practices they adopt.      

Introduction to the special issue “small farms: decline or persistence?”

This issue of Agricultural Economics contains articles from a seminar entitled “Small Farms: Decline or Persistence?” held at the University of Kent. This issue includes nine papers selected from more than 50 papers presented at the seminar. Articles published use a range of econometric and simulation methods to provide a suite of case studies. Topics studied range from such fundamental issues as what constitutes a small farm to recent trends in the diversification of small farms and their integration into modern globalized food chains. Several papers emphasize the link between agricultural policy development and the future of small farms.     

Corporate environmental disclosure, financial markets and the media: An international perspective

In this study, we analyze the information dynamics between corporate environmental disclosure, financial markets (as proxied by financial analysts' earnings forecasts) and public pressures (as proxied by a firm's media exposure). We adopt a comprehensive view of disclosure that encompasses environmental information that is both print-based as well as web-based. The sample comprises firms from both continental Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, and Netherlands) as well as North America (Canada and the United States). Relying on a system of equations that controls for endogeneity between environmental disclosure determination and financial analysts' work, we show that enhanced environmental disclosure translates into more precise earnings forecasts by analysts. Such effect is reduced for firms with extensive analyst following and in environmentally sensitive industries. However, these relationships are shown to be starker in Europe than in North America, i.e., environmental disclosure has a greater impact on analysts' forecasts but is also more greatly attenuated by analyst following and membership in an environmentally sensitive industry. Most observed relationships hold for either print- or web-based disclosure, except for North America in which web-based disclosure seems to have no impact on analysts' forecasting work.