参与成本、异质性与股市投资——基于城镇家庭数据的实证分析

本文利用2002年的CHIP数据分析了我国城镇家庭的股市投资行为。考虑到参与成本和异质性,本文使用Heckit模型来考察家庭股票数量与份额的决定。结果表明,家庭股市参与的概率与家庭的总财富水平、户主的收入以及教育水平之间存在显著的正相关关系,与户主的年龄呈倒U型关系。收入、财富水平和年龄对于家庭购买股票的数额也有类似影响;但教育水平的影响有所减弱。而对于股票在家庭总资产或金融资产中的份额,年龄和教育的影响在大部分模型中不显著;财富水平的系数显著为负。     

Arguments in Favour of Tax Neutral Cost Allocation

When considering corporate taxes in a cost allocation context a trade‐off is generated for shareholders. On the one hand, accelerated depreciation increases the value of a project due to the depreciation tax shield. On the other hand, accelerated depreciation most likely does not induce robust goal congruency between managers and shareholders when utilizing residual income as an incentive system and, as a consequence, over‐ or underinvestment could result. In this context, the literature suggests the application of particular allocation rules. When extending the relative marginal benefits cost allocation rule (Reichelstein, 1997; Rogerson, 1997) to include corporate taxes we find it to be tax neutral and to maintain its properties of generating robust incentives. As a consequence the over‐/underinvestment problem is solved, but the depreciation tax shield is often not maximized. However, we illustrate that in competitive markets shareholders ought to prefer a tax neutral allocation scheme over an accelerated depreciation schedule. Thus, we show that shareholders as well as regulators have—for different reasons—a preference for tax neutral cost allocation.     

Multiple corporate governance attributes and the cost of capital – Evidence from Germany

This paper investigates the extent to which corporate governance affects the cost of debt and equity capital of German exchange-listed companies. I examine corporate governance along three dimensions: financial information quality, ownership structure and board structure. The results suggest that firms with high levels of financial transparency and bonus compensations face lower cost of equity. In addition, block ownership is negatively related to firms' cost of equity when the blockholders are other firms, managers or founding-family members. Consistent with the conjecture that agency costs increase with firm size, I find significant cost of debt effects only in the largest German companies. Here, the creditors demand lower cost of debt from firms with block ownerships held by corporations or banks. My findings demonstrate that a uniform set of governance attributes is unlikely to satisfy suppliers of debt and equity capital equally.     

基于交易成本经济学的节能服务外包决策研究

本文基于交易成本经济学对用能企业的节能服务外包决策进行研究,认为只有当用能企业预期节能服务外包后生产成本的降低大于由此而带来的交易成本时,才会选择外包这种方式。用能企业的节能服务外包决策受资产专用性、不确定性、交易频率、机会主义、业务复杂性和市场竞争性等六个因素的影响。通过对在单一外包商策略和多个外包商策略下用能企业所面临的交易成本的分析,本文提出了这两种策略的适用条件,并指出用能企业对外包商数量的选择取决于外包商的反应和双方博弈的结果。为了促进我国节能服务产业的发展,我国政府应该采取措施降低节能服务外包的交易成本。     

经济预测模型在碳减排压力中的应用探讨

文章论述低碳经济与碳排放的内涵及意义,阐明影响碳排放的主要因素,进而以徐州市为例,在分析全市碳排放主要影响因素的基础上,着重利用时间序列曲线趋势外推和灰色关联分析两个经济预测模型探讨徐州市碳减排压力.预测结果表明:两个经济模型预测结论基本相符.从长期来看,至2020年,徐州市碳减排压力较小,但由于工业结构偏重、工业能耗弹性系数波动性大、能源结构单一等原因,徐州市面临短期及中期碳排放压力.     

论高校科研经费的管理

随着我国政府对科技强国战略的进一步强化,高校所承接的科研项目和获得的科研经费均有了较大幅度的增长,科研资金的来源渠道也越来越广,科研经费的核算和管理已成为高校财务管理的重要组成部分。但是,通过调查发现,一些高校在科研项目经费管理中存在不同程度的问题,有些问题甚至明显偏离科研服务社会、服务经济的宗旨。文章从部分高校在使用科研经费过程中存在的问题入手,分析产生问题的原因,并提出了加强科研经费管理的相关对策。     

住房与交通综合可支付性指数的设计与应用——以北京为例

城市空间结构的理论及实证研究表明,城市土地利用与交通系统之间存在着密切的互动关系.在空间上,居民所负担的住房成本和交通成本通常呈现此消彼长的关系.因此,单纯考虑"住房成本占收入的比重"不能全面衡量居住区位选择所引致的成本.为了更全面和精细地评价居民对于住房成本和交通成本的综合支付能力及其空间分布特征,设计了住房与交通综...     

终极控股股东、两权分离与股权融资成本

本文以2004～2006年非金融行业上市公司为样本,结合终极控股股东性质,考察了控股股东控制权与现金流权的分离程度对股权融资成本的影响.研究发现,现金流权与股权融资成本显著负相关,两权分离程度与股权融资成本显著正相关,而且这种正相关性在高自由现金流与低成长公司中更显著.进一步检验发现,两权分离对股权融资成本的影响还与终极控股股东性质有关,与国有控股公司相比,两权分离程度与股权融资成本的正相关关系在非国有控股公司中更显著,而在国有控股公司中,地方政府控制的上市公司中两权分离程度与股权融资成本正相关性显著高于中央政府控制的上市公司.     

Using least squares support vector machines for the airframe structures manufacturing cost estimation

Accurate cost estimation plays a significant role in industrial product development and production. This research applied least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) method solving the problem of estimating the manufacturing cost for airframe structural projects. This research evaluated the estimation performance using back-propagation neural networks and statistical regression analysis. In case studies, this research considered structural weight and manufacturing complexity as the main factors in determining the manufacturing labor hour. The test results verified that the LS-SVM model can provide accurate estimation performance and outperform other methods. This research provides a feasible solution for airframe manufacture industry.     

Cost estimation support tool for vertical high speed machines based on product characteristics and productivity requirements

This work concerns a machine tool selection problem, which consists of selecting the most suitable machine to satisfy manufacturing company requirements.The main goal of this work is to develop a cost estimation support tool for vertical high speed machining centres based on final part and productivity requirements of the company linked with machine tool characteristics available in the catalogues in order to apply the cost model and to calculate machine tool cost estimations.The cost model presented is based on multiple regression analyses and provides reasonably accurate market cost predictions. Applying the proposed cost model will help the user to determine the approximate market cost of the machine and can be especially interesting for decision makers in the preliminary stages of a selection process because it avoids long and costly studies.