Planning considerations for cultural tourism: a case study of four European cities

Utilising the information gathered in four European cities, this paper discusses and tests a framework of reference for visitor-friendliness, a complex concept that encapsulates the main dimensions of the urban tourism product such as its quality, accessibility and image projection. This concept is particularly relevant to assess whether investments in culture and hospitality genuinely respond to the impulses coming from the market. The case studies highlight how specific soft elements of the urban tourism product are the ones that matter most in determining the attractiveness of a city for international visitors, and yet they are often overlooked by city planners. The paper also identifies a number of “best practice” in tourism management.     

中国女性购买行为的价值观动因实证研究

本文从研究中国女性消费者购买行为的角度,利用结构方程方法,比较中西文化价值观对中国女性购买行为的影响和诠释能力,探索影响中国女性消费者购买行为的价值观动因.实证研究结果显示,较之于西方文化价值观,以儒道佛为代表的传统文化价值观能够更有效地诠释中国消费者购买行为.     

论生态文明建设的四个纬度

党的十七大报告首次提出了建设生态文明的目标,十八大报告从关系人民福祉和民族未来的高度彰显了生态文明建设的重要性,十八届三中全会强调通过生态文明制度建设推动人与自然和谐发展。可见,生态文明建设日益受到党和国家的重视。文章从四个方面对生态文明建设进行解读:首先突出了生态文明建设的经济纬度,即转变经济发展方式,促进循环经济发展;其次论证了生态文明建设的制度纬度,即不断完善政策法规体系,建立健全资源环境生态保护体制机制;再次从技术纬度对生态文明建设进行解读,强调加大污染防治力度,促进自然生态修复;最后探讨了生态文明建设的思想文化纬度,即大力推进生态文化建设,树立生态文明理念。文章认为,只有从经济、制度、技术和思想文化四个方面加强生态文明建设,才能不断推进生态文明建设的深入开展。     

Twentieth century female ad images: Cultural interconnections,social learning,and the dialectical logic of advertising

The study conducts a historical investigation of the linkages among the focused social learning of a few (such as ideas of feminists groups), the amplification of those ideas throughout the masses, and observable female images in ads. The Hegelian sublation or Aufgehoben dialectical framework is applied to deepen understanding of how ad strategies have reconciled multiple cultural conversations about the proper image and role of women through the years. The findings of the research reveal distinctive dialectical processes and strategies in the ever-evolving patterns of female images in ads. The results of the study indicate that the focused social learning of the few is amplified to the masses through more emergent ad female roles and images during prosperous and peaceful times and is thwarted during times of national distress.     

Toward Deepening Cultural and Language Understanding: The Design and Practice of a Hybrid Business Chinese Course

This article introduces an ongoing effort to use Internet resources in an Advanced Business Chinese for Professionals (ABCP) course in order to deepen learners’ language and cultural understanding. This course blends face-to-face (F2F) classroom instruction and online communications using Brix, an online course management system developed by the University of Hawai‘i. This article starts with the rationale and necessity of a hybrid course for ABCP and presents an overview of a traditional F2F business Chinese class with its strengths and weaknesses. Following the overview, this article outlines the design of a hybrid environment for this course, detailing its structure, content, and instructional processes. Illustrations of the F2F and online alternations in classroom teaching, online tasks with instructor’s guidance and feedback, and online forum discussion for each unit are offered. Experiences gained in this process regarding instructional intervention, projected learners’ learning outcomes, and interactive peer learning through the Internet will also be shared. Reflections and suggestions on aspects that may impact the success of this approach are proposed for future improvement in an ideal hybrid business language course.     

Where do international board members come from? Country-level antecedents of international board member selection in European boards

In this paper, it is argued that boards internationalize by recruiting international directors in order to increase companies’ performance. However, increasing nationality diversity on a board can be costly considering that it potentially creates cooperative problems on a board due to fault-lines and separation processes. As a result, boards will prefer international candidates who are more similar to themselves on a variety of ‘distances’. Based on data collected regarding 5683 board members of 361 companies from 15 countries in 2005–2007, we discover that the greater the distance (cultural, institutional and geographical) between the candidates’ and the companies’ country-of-origin, the lower the fraction of board members of that nationality on boards. Subsequently, it is argued that historical ties between countries play a ‘distance compressing’ role and partially compensate for the effects of distance. A colonial tie between countries will make recruitment of these particular nationalities more likely than others.     

文化创意产业价值链及其组织网络构成研究

文化创意产业的兴起是知识化、信息化和全球化的结果,被赋予了许多新的使命,它具有高固定成本投入与低再生产与复制成本、需求的不确定性等经济与政治属性。围绕"创意→投入→生产→销售→最终消费者购买"这一基本产业链过程,逐渐形成了一个融合市场、科层和网络治理机制的组织网络。这一网络围绕文化产业链、生态和政治与地理空间的展开会有更为具体的网络形态,并形成多级网络构成。     

文化折扣、市场规模与中国文化产品出口

近年来我国对于文化产品出口给予了高度重视。基于2003年至2011年相关数据,本文以文化折扣和市场规模两个因素为重点,分析了我国核心文化产品出口贸易的决定因素。实证结果显示,无论是基于全部还是基于分类产品贸易额的检验,都证实了市场规模因素的正面影响以及文化折扣因素的负面影响。上述结论的政策含义体现在两个方面：一是应合理确定重点出口市场,加强对重点目标市场的深入分析,通过双边或多边合作减少贸易壁垒,确保中国文化产品的商业存在及公平竞争。二是要充分重视文化折扣效应的不利影响,充分借鉴他国开展文化外交的有效举措,大力推动我国文化传播,提升我国文化的国际影响力和认知度。     

韩国文化产业发展的原因及对我国的启示

韩国文化产业为韩国带来了滚滚财源,并使其跻身文化产业大国行列。政府主导、政策支持、把文化产业的发展与弘扬本国传统文化相结合以及为文化产业发展创造宽松的环境是韩国文化产业发展的主要原因,这给了我们有益的启示。     

文化资源开发及产业化发展模式探析——以莫言作品为例

在文学作品与经济社会相互渗透、日益融合的当今社会，莫言作为中国第一位诺贝尔文学奖获得者，其文学作品无疑具有巨大的市场化潜力。因此，研究和发掘莫言及其作品具有重要性，而通过产业化的方式开辟新的途径，更能实现其作品最大的商业效益。借助莫言作品的产业转化，是莫言作品商业化发展的重要途径。通过对莫言作品的产业化发展进行研究，探讨了其作品的产业化发展前景、类型及其策略，希冀对促进我国文学的产业化发展提供有益借鉴。