论药品侵权责任中的若干法律问题

药品侵权责任是一种特殊的产品责任,它是产品责任的下位概念。这种产品责任的构成与一般产品责任有所区别,主要表现在药品缺陷的判断标准应采用不合理危险标准,而非质量标准;在缺陷与损害之间因果关系理论的适用上提出疫学因果关系和市场占有率决定因果关系适用的可能性;为确保受害人的合法权益,发展缺陷或科技抗辩不能作为责任的免除事由。     

Diversification cones, trade costs and factor market linkages

This paper finds non-uniform differences in the distribution functions of factor usage intensities among 10 rich OECD countries. The 10 countries form three distinct groups such that the between-group differences are more pronounced than within-group differences and capital-abundant countries are in capital-abundant groups. The estimation works even if the same industry codes represent different goods across countries in the data. The finding is consistent with the multiple-cone factor proportions theory with zero trade costs with each group being one cone. An alternative interpretation is non-zero trade costs. Both interpretations imply weak factor market linkages between the countries in different groups.     

Hierarchical clustering analysis framework of mutually exclusive crash causation parameters for regional road safety strategies

Hierarchical clustering analysis framework is developed to identify benchmark and critical regions for effective road safety strategies. The regions are grouped based on agglomeration coefficient of mutually exclusive crash causation parameters. Subsequently, regions from groups with lower than a threshold index value are selected as benchmark for the poorly performing critical counterparts. Euclidean distance-based Ward's, median and centroid clustering techniques are explored through a case study of Indian states and Union Territories. As per data between 2006 and 2015, fatal crash percentages of driving under influence of drug and alcohol, excessive speeding, vehicle malfunction and road conditions related crash causation parameters, severity index and its growth rate are assessed based on respective threshold values of 6.35%, 43.28%, 2.42%, 1.79%, 26.7 and 3.1%. These are the national average of respective indices. It demonstrated the unique application of hierarchical clustering analysis in benchmark and critical region identification.     

Rethinking John R. Commons’s Theory of Collective Action: The Viewpoint of Regulation and Convention

This article examines the theoretical connection between John R. Commons, régulation theory, and convention theory. In institutional economics (Commons 1934), by applying the idea of “multiple causation,” Commons approached macro-dynamics based on the expansion of some key concepts and studies on income distribution and demand growth. It is a prototype of the growth analysis based on the cumulative causation model, with the various forms of coordination later formulated by régulation theory. The two-layered coordination in convention theory attempted to explicitly explain the individuals’ reflexive capacities to change preference endogenously and to evaluate collective and social value, which were implicitly assumed in Commons’s term “intellect.”     

上海加强对东盟投资的动因探析

在CAFTA的建设进程中,上海对东盟的投资项目近年来迅速增加,投资规模、投资领域扩大,投资方式日益多样化。探析上海加强对东盟投资的动因,可得出结论：东盟的区位优势吸引了寻求对外投资机会的上海企业;通过对东盟的投资,可实现优化上海产业结构以及提升上海竞争力的战略。     

创业投资政府引导基金政策扩散研究——基于全国31省数据的事件史分析

创业投资政府引导基金是解决初创企业融资难等市场失灵问题的典型政策工具，本文以2005-2015年全国31个省份数据为例，利用事件史方法分析我国省级创业投资政府引导基金政策的扩散机制。研究发现：创业投资引导基金政策的总体扩散过程主要受到纵向府际关系和政府创新易感性的影响；省级创业投资引导基金政策在时间维度上符合阶梯型累积分布曲线规律，其背后逻辑是不同时期政策创新扩散的动力源和阻力源不同，前期扩散的动力源主要是纵向府际关系和政府创新易感性，经济发展水平对政策扩散存在阻滞作用，而后期扩散的动力源主要是纵向府际关系，企业研发经费支出和省长的相关工作经历对政策扩散存在阻滞作用。本文不仅从公共政策视角加深了对中国创业投资引导基金政策的认识，也丰富和拓宽了已有公共政策扩散的相关成果。     

Market sentiment to COVID-19 and the Chinese stock market

We classify the market sentiment to COVID-19 into expected and unexpected components and then examine their particular impacts on the stock market. We find that unexpected sentiment causes fluctuations in the stock market more than expected sentiment does. However, unexpected sentiment cannot affect stock market informativeness despite the remarkable informational effect of expected sentiment. Moreover, the relation between expected sentiment and stock market fluctuation or informativeness is one-way, whereas there exists a two-way interaction between unexpected sentiment and stock market fluctuation. This further confirms that expected sentiment is informational, whereas unexpected sentiment is quite noisy and informationally harmful.