新技术进步会阻碍传统技术创新吗——来自汽车产业的实证检验

在新旧技术竞争过程中,传统企业会适时调整研发策略,以应对新技术进步对传统技术造成的冲击。然而,新技术对传统技术的影响究竟表现为创新替代效应还是创新互补效应,至今依然没有得到确切结论。以汽车产业为研究对象,比较传统燃油汽车和电动汽车两种新旧技术的发展路径,并结合产业生命周期理论提出汽车产业的三阶段演化模型。进一步基于1995—2021年省级专利数据和面板向量自回归模型,从产品创新和工艺创新两个维度实证检验各阶段电动汽车技术进步对传统汽车企业创新的影响。结果表明,在电动汽车产业的范式导入期(1995—2008年),新技术通过产品创新和工艺创新两方面促进传统技术发展;在电动汽车产业的范式构建期(2009—2021年),新技术依然对传统技术有显著推动作用,但仅通过工艺创新促进传统技术发展。     

生命周期与家庭投资组合有效性——投资经验累积还是认知能力衰退

生命周期影响家庭投资组合有效性的方式,直接关系到金融市场效率和总消费水平。文章采用2013年中国家庭金融调查数据（CHFS）,从生命周期视角出发,通过投资经验机制和认知能力机制,分析年龄对家庭投资组合有效性的影响效应,并基于城乡差异和区域差异分析年龄影响的异质性,同时从普惠金融和教育两方面提出增加投资组合有效性的方式。研究结论表明：（1）户主年龄对家庭投资组合有效性产生倒U型的影响;（2）随着年龄的上升,投资经验累积和认知能力衰退对投资组合有效性产生反向影响,使其形成倒U型的生命周期模式;（3）年龄对投资组合有效性的影响,仅存在于城镇和东部区域等金融发展水平较高的地区;（4）普惠金融和教育可以缓解认知能力的衰退,进而提高家庭投资组合有效性。     

我国财政政策作用机制与经济周期波动的相依性检验

财政政策一直是我国宏观经济调控的主要方式,并在需求管理中发挥了重要作用.本文定量描述和检验了我国财政政策工具与经济周期波动之间的相依性,在结构VAR模型中刻画了财政政策的作用和反馈过程,并发现我国财政政策操作的相机选择性依赖经济周期的阶段性.在目前我国进入新经济周期的态势下,应当及时调整财政政策的期限结构和政策工具,加强财政政策与货币政策的政策组合作用,以保持经济快速稳定增长.     

中国经济周期的福利成本:1978～2004

本文通过Lucas理论模型，探讨中国改革开放以来经济周期的福利成本，得出以下结论：在取相同的相对风险规避系数情况下，中国居民消费发生的结构性变化导致1990年之后的经济周期福利成本显著小于1990年之前的经济周期福利成本；中国1990年之前的经济周期福利成本是美国经济周期福利成本的4倍多，中国1990年之后的经济周期福利成本小于美国的经济周期福利成本。为尽可能减小经济周期的福利成本，中国应该坚定不移地积极进行市场化改革，从而最终建立完善的市场经济体制。     

Exact and approximated calculation of the cycle service level in a continuous review policy

The paper proposes a method to compute the exact cycle service level for (s, Q) continuous review policy in the presence of undershoots and discrete demand in the discrete time domain. Prior to this, it is necessary to review the definition of the cycle service level in order to avoid the problems that can be found when applied it to the periodic review policy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is: (a) to review the definitions of the cycle service level when applied to continuous review policies; (b) to develop an exact calculation method of the CSL for a continuous review policy when undershoots are allowed and demand is discrete; and (c) to examine some common believes about the cycle service properties. Finally, the bias obtained when the service cycle level is estimated applying the common assumption of neglecting undershoots at the order point is illustrated with some numerical examples which show that it may lead to significant deviations to be ignored.     

Exact and approximate calculation of the cycle service level in periodic review inventory policies

The parameters of stock policies are usually determined to minimize costs while satisfying a target service level. In a periodic review policy the time between reviews can be selected to minimize costs while the order-up-to-level is based on the fulfilment of a target service level. Generally, the calculation of this service measurement is obtained using approximations based on an additional hypothesis related to the demand pattern. Previous research has shown that there is a substantial difference between exact and approximate calculations in some general circumstances, so in these cases the service level is not accomplished or the stock level is overestimated. Although an exact calculation of CSL was developed in previous work, the computational effort required to apply it in practical environments leads to the proposal of two approximate methods (PI and PII) that, with the classic approximation, are analysed and evaluated in this paper. This analysis points out the risks of using the classic approximation and leads one to suggest PII as the most suitable and accurate enough procedure to compute the CSL straightforwardly in practice. Additionally, a heuristic approach based on PII is proposed to accept or reject an inventory policy in terms of fulfilling a given target CSL. This paper focuses on uncorrelated, discrete and stationary demand with a known distribution pattern and without backlog.     

Does Green Public Procurement lead to Life Cycle Costing (LCC) adoption?

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is rarely used in public procurement and public institutions have yet to fully understand its potential value for sustainable procurement. The new European Directive on Public Procurement is, however, designed to position LCC as central to sustainable sourcing. Although previous studies have identified positive correlations between Green Public Procurement Policies (GPP) and LCC, it is still unclear how public institutions can further adopt LCC practices by leveraging their experience of green sourcing. In this study an organizational learning theoretical perspective is taken to investigate the circumstances under which public administrations’ experience of GPP – considered as a way of integrating the dimension of environmental sustainability into the sourcing process – stimulates their LCC learning and capabilities – considered as a way to include the sustainability economic dimension. The goal is to understand if the adoption of GPP can stimulate the internalisation of LCC in public tenders. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted using a sample of 120 public administrations located in different countries. The results show that experience of GPP stimulates the internalisation of LCC at a public level, but only under specific conditions. The study contributes to the Sustainable Supply Management literature, being one of the first studies in the field adopting an organizational learning theoretical lens to review the role of experience as significant opportunity to develop capabilities. It also contributes to the organizational learning theory, by confirming that experience can aid learning but only in specific environmental contexts.     

女性董事长如何影响上市公司研发投入——企业生命周期视角

以2007—2019年中国A股上市公司为样本，探讨女性董事长如何影响企业研发投入强度。结果表明，女性董事长对企业研发投入强度具有显著抑制效应，且这种抑制效应在成熟期表现最为显著，成长期次之，衰退期最弱。进一步研究发现，专利申请数和发明专利申请数均与女性董事长显著负相关，女性董事长的风险规避行为会遏制企业创新。结论进一步丰富了创新管理领域相关研究，同时具有一定实践启示。     

全球金融周期、美国货币政策与“三元悖论”

全球金融周期存在的背景下“三元悖论”是否依然成立充满争议。本文通过构建包含银行与金融摩擦的两国DSGE模型,为考察全球金融周期的形成提供了理论依据。美国货币政策通过资本流动传导到外围国金融市场,使外围国信贷利率、银行风险承担以及杠杆率与美国银行趋同,形成全球金融周期。金融渠道的传导速度快于实体经济渠道导致外围国国内经济周期与金融周期相背离,外围国想要稳定经济就不得不与美国保持同向的政策利率变化,货币政策独立性将不再存在。随着全球经济一体化进程加速,估值效应的作用越来越明显,浮动汇率制度并不能隔离全球金融周期的影响也无法保证货币政策的独立性。在资本账户开放的情况下,外围国金融市场越不发达,受全球金融周期的影响越大,货币政策越不独立。     

成熟期家族企业的企业家胜任力构成体系研究

相较于其它所有制企业，即使处于企业发展的最好阶段——成熟期，家族企业也面临严峻的资源约束。家族企业家作为企业的核心人物，探究其在企业成熟期的胜任力构成体系，不仅在企业家群体中具有代表性，而且具有现实指导价值。采集2019年国内5省348份家族企业家样本数据，通过实证分析搭建成熟期家族企业的企业家胜任力构成体系。研究结果表明，家族企业家胜任力由能量流胜任力、个性胜任力、物质流胜任力和信息流胜任力组成。其中，能量流胜任力由创新与勇担风险精神、愿景与实干精神等7部分构成；个性胜任力由人际协同力、虚心听取意见等7部分组成；物质流胜任力由供应链保障与整合能力、资金链风险管控能力、资本运营能力3部分组成；信息流胜任力由企业知识管理能力、企业情报体系构建力、识才与用才3部分组成。此外，成熟期家族企业家的胜任力培育按重要性程度依次为能量流胜任力、个性胜任力、物质流胜任力和信息流胜任力。