住宅价格与经济基本面的实证研究——以上海市为例

近几年来,我国房地产市场发展迅速,个别区域性房地产市场出现了价格过高的现象.对此,国家采取了一系列宏观调控措施.对于房地产价格的合理与否,目前仍然存在着争议.影响住宅实际价格的因素主要是土地价格和住宅价格的历史信息.而可支配收入对价格的影响并不显著,因此应加强对不合理的房地产投机需求的调控.     

股票价格对物价水平的影响

股票价格作为最重要的金融资产价格，会通过“财富效应”、“替代效应”、“预期效应”、“新产品效应”和“工资效应”等途径影响投资和消费等宏观经济变量，进而影响包括商品劳务价格在内的一般物价水平。在发达国家和发展中国家，股票价格影响物价水平的方向和程度有着重大区别。     

The macroeconomic determinants of technology stock price volatility

Stock prices reflect the value of anticipated future profits of companies. Since business cycle conditions impact the future profitability of firms, expectations about the business cycle will affect the current value of firms. This paper uses daily and monthly data from July 1986 to December 2000 to investigate the macroeconomic determinants of US technology stock price conditional volatility. Technology share prices are measured using the Pacific Stock Exchange Technology 100 Index. One of the novel features of this paper is to incorporate a link between technology stock price movements and oil price movements. The empirical results indicate that the conditional volatilities of oil prices, the term premium, and the consumer price index each have a significant impact on the conditional volatility of technology stock prices. Conditional volatilities calculated using daily stock return data display more persistence than conditional volatilities calculated using monthly data. These results further our understanding of the interaction between oil prices and technology share prices and should be of use to investors, hedgers, managers, and policymakers.     

Mood and Judgment of Subjective Probabilities: Evidence from the U.S. Index Option Market

Numerous psychological studies show that weather conditions affect people'smood and that mood states are correlated with people's subjective evaluationof future probabilities. In this paper, a new approach is developed and assetmarket data are employed to test the mood-subjective probability relation. Cloudcover and precipitation volume serve as two mood proxies. Our statistical analysissuggests that bad mood states are characterized by investors placing higher probabilitieson adverse events.     

石油价格对初级产品价格的影响研究

本文分析考察了石油与14种初级品价格的长期互动关系。通过研究本文认为,石油价格与相关初级农产品价格间存在较强的长期均衡性关系,与初级金属品关系次之。然而并不能完全认定近年来石油价格的上升是引发各类初级品价格上涨的主要原因,其中可能存在更为复杂的作用机制。这种互动影响的传递渠道及方式也为干预初级品价格提供了可能。     

最优货币政策规则参数的估计和中国货币状况指数的测度

本文从宏观经济的一般均衡模型出发,融入了股票价格和房地产价格变动,考察我国中央银行货币政策调控在经济增长和通货膨胀之间的目标规则,分析了影响货币政策规则参数变化的主要因素及潜在机制。本文的实证结果显示中央银行最优货币政策参数为0.144055,央行货币政策是逆周期操作,也意味着中央银行在制定货币政策时,赋予通货膨胀目标更高的权重;同时我国货币政策是逆房地产市场周期、顺股市周期的。进一步,本文从最优货币政策的角度考察了我国货币状况指数的权重。根据最优货币政策规则,货币状况指数权重为0.302876,即利率上升1%相当于汇率下降0.30%,意味着利率变动的效果要小于汇率变动的影响。     

上海市住宅价格影响因素及未来走势研究

本文采用实证分析方法,以2000~2009年上海市宏观经济数据为样本选取上海市33个经济社会指标,通过主成分分析得到影响上海市商品住宅价格的4个主成分并以指标载荷得分为其命名,即:需求因素,供给因素,市场因素,土地因素。选取主成分代表指标,通过多元回归方法求出其与上海市商品住宅价格的回归方程,并以此为依据进行预测分析。分析结果显示,需求因素为影响上海市住宅房价的最主要因素,供求矛盾推动了上海市商品住宅价格的持续走高,并在未来一段时间仍然保持上升趋势。文章最后从政府监管和需求者角度分别给出了相关建议。     

Sustaining Collusion Via a Fuzzy Trigger

Probability theory is the standard economic representation of uncertainty, although it is not always an accurate one. Fuzzy logic is an alternative representation that does not require individual beliefs regarding the explicit functional form of uncertainty. This paper applies fuzzy logic to an oligopoly trigger pricing game. The fuzzy trigger pricing game reverses the standard cyclical price war prediction; collusion-sustaining price wars are most likely to occur during times of high demand. The fuzzy model also predicts that markets with relatively volatile prices are more likely to undergo collusion-sustaining price wars. The predictions are consistent with available empirical evidence.     

土地供应方式转变对房价的影响

中国城市土地供应方式经历了由无偿划拨到有偿出让,从协议出让到招拍挂出让的转变历程,当前招拍挂已经成为经营性用地的唯一出让方式。在地方政府"土地财政"的利益驱动下,土地单一垄断供应体制下的"招拍挂"土地出让方式已经成为影响房价上涨的重要因素之一。要遏制房价过快上涨的势头,应从根源上切断地方政府在房地产市场中的利益链条。     

Learning,large deviations and rare events

We examine the role of generalized stochastic gradient constant gain (SGCG) learning in generating large deviations of an endogenous variable from its rational expectations value. We show analytically that these large deviations can occur with a frequency associated with a fat-tailed distribution even though the model is driven by thin-tailed exogenous stochastic processes. We characterize these large deviations, driven by sequences of consistently low or consistently high shocks and then apply our model to the canonical asset pricing framework. We demonstrate that the tails of the stationary distribution of the price–dividend ratio will follow a power law.