城市一卡通顾客价值创新战略研究——基于双边市场视角

作为第三方支付的重要组成部分,城市一卡通具有典型的双边市场特性,其持卡人和接入企业的顾客价值是一卡通平台创新的动力和源泉。文章针对一卡通顾客价值创新战略涉及的几个关键问题,对城市一卡通顾客价值创新机制、影响因素进行分析,提出了基于双边顾客价值感知下的城市一卡通顾客价值创新能力培育规划的主要内容：顾客功能价值创新、顾客品牌价值创新、顾客关系价值创新以及顾客价值创新风险。最后针对我国城市一卡通现阶段发展状况和问题提出了一卡通顾客价值创新对策和政策支持建议,为我国各城市发展区域性城市一卡通支付工具提供参考。     

高科技企业创新生态系统平台领导战略研究

高科技企业创新生态系统是基于关联互补技术由高科技企业在全球范围内形成的共存共生、共同进化的创新体系。"平台企业+互补企业"是其主要的组织模式。通过对微软、英特尔、思科、IBM等企业案例研究发现,创新生态系统平台领导战略包括:基于技术标准创新模式选择、平台接口开放与专利许可策略选择的技术标准化战略;基于合作盈利模式选择、合作伙伴等级制度制订、技术支持活动实施的创新激励战略;基于内部研发、合作研发、研发并购模式选择的互补技术研发战略;以及平台企业内外部冲突协调战略。     

Innovation in Agro-Foods: A Comparative Analysis of Value Chains

ABSTRACT

The innovative activity of firms has been linked to the introduction of a new product or process associated with the development or application of new technological knowledge. New products generally contain innovative techniques that increase the quality of goods. New processes are based on the use of new technologies to increase the efficiency of production. However, the exclusive link between technology and innovation has been criticized for various reasons. It provides a restrictive vision considering innovation as part of the manufacturing and services sectors. Innovation in firms affects not only the development and application of new technologies but also the adoption and the reorganization of business processes, internal organization, external relations, and marketing. The literature in the field of management emphasizes the importance of integrating product, process, and organization to translate new ideas into market success. Thus, to obtain a complete picture of the innovative efforts of firms in the agro-food industry, the concept of innovation has been extended to both technological and nontechnological innovations. This analysis provided evidence of innovations used by agro-food firms. It also identified latent demand for future innovation.     

国家制造业创新中心设立能否助推先进制造业发展——基于湖北省的准自然实验

工信部在全国范围内部署国家制造业创新中心,是推动先进制造业创新发展的重要举措,由此引发对该政策效果的讨论。为评估国家制造业创新中心设立对相应领域的促进效应,以湖北为典型对象展开事件研究设计,基于2016—2019年季度省际面板数据,采用双重差分法识别国家制造业创新中心设立对湖北省先进制造业的推动效果。结果表明,国家制造业创新中心设立的确能显著推动所处领域的当地产业发展。进一步检验发现,通过创新投入扩张的中介机制,该政策对集成电路制造业产出的促进效应最大,其次是金属冶炼设备和金属切削加工业。基于创新载体功能定位,发现创新中心建设能有效激励创新活动,服务于区域内先进制造业核心产业集群发展。     

苏里格气田建设中的管理模式创新与技术创新

天然气是"绿色能源",21世纪是天然气能源的世纪。加快我国最大的气田——苏里格气田的勘探开发建设进程,是推动我国天然气工业发展的重要战略举措。在开发建设中,秉持"科技、绿色、和谐"的理念,通过技术与管理创新,形成了12项开发配套技术,探索出了"5 1"合作开发模式,创建了"六统一,三共享"管理机制,并全面推行"标准化设计、模块化建设、数字化管理",最大限度地保护了环境。苏里格气田规模有效开发的配套技术与管理体系,对国内类似油气田的开发建设具有普遍的启示意义。     

创新型科技人才的典型特质及培育政策建议——基于84名创新型科技人才的实证分析

对84名创新型科技人才的研究发现,创新意识和创新能力、深厚的专业积累与稳定的研究方向、敏锐的观察力、严谨的方法和系统思维能力是创新型科技人才的4个典型特质。培育创新型科技人才,政府要重点塑造有利于创新的教育文化,发挥科技评价的创新导向作用,完善高层次人才的引进政策。各类科研机构也要加强对科技人才的教育培训,建立符合科技人才成长规律的科技评价体系,从薪酬体系、选拔机制、发展渠道和科研基础建设等方面强化对科技人才的创新激励。     

技术进步研究评析

作为人类改造自然的一切知识的总和,技术进步象一条涓涓溪流始终贯穿于整个经济增长与发展史,技术的进步是推动经济增长与发展的基础,经济学家们就技术进步对一国经济发展的影响进行研究是在对经济增长影响因素的理论探索中逐步展开的,许多经济学流派都曾关注过技术进步并试图将技术进步溶入其理论框架,从不同角度不同程度地用技术进步来解释经济增长的源泉和增长过程。本文从亚当.斯密体现在积累及劳动分工上的技术进步因素开始,循经济增长理论的发展时序,分别进一步评析了熊彼特的技术创新理论、以索洛经济增长模型为代表的新古典增长模型以及色彩斑斓的内生经济增长理论,各大理论流派均认同技术进步一定会推动经济增长和发展,但人类显然还没有找到一把普适的经济发展的"魔杖",关于技术进步与经济增长的理论研究在不断延续展开着。     

产业集聚技术溢出与创新效应的经济学分析

溢出效应表现为从外部对经济主体带来利益或损失.本文讨论了产业集聚企业间技术创新相对溢出的问题,分析了产业集聚企业技术创新溢出效应,技术溢出与企业技术创新等问题,从而探求技术溢出与保护的博弈均衡途径.     

Innovation and the competitiveness of industries: Comparing the mainstream and the evolutionary approaches

The study of the relationships between innovation and the competitiveness of industries is an important topic for both, academic research and economic policy. The huge economics literature flourished in the last couple of decades on the subject broadly falls into two distinct research traditions, namely the mainstream R&D spillovers approach and the evolutionary economics view. Both traditions agree on the important role played by innovation and the inter-sectoral diffusion of advanced knowledge for the competitive performance of industrial sectors. Behind this general agreement, however, the two approaches are radically different. This paper shows that, at a deeper level of analysis, the mainstream and evolutionary views do indeed differ with respect to their theoretical foundations, empirical research and policy implications. In a nutshell, while the mainstream R&D spillover approach is inspired by a traditional view of economic policy based on a market-oriented approach, the evolutionary view is on the contrary consistent with the idea that institutional arrangements and policy interventions do indeed play a fundamental role for shaping innovation patterns and their impacts on the competitiveness of industries.     

Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned, and future research directions

Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The five immediately preceding papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP). We describe the lessons learned from each application, and how the techniques can be improved further.Generation of much potential discovery using ODS LRD is possible when the conceptual roadblocks to discovery are removed. Some of these roadblocks include use of numerical filters that are unrelated to generating discovery, and excessive reliance on literatures directly related to the problem literature of interest. The issue of how to handle large amounts of potential discovery has not been addressed in the literature, since most ODS LRD researchers have tried to find a relatively few potential discovery items. We present a development strategy that capitalizes on the large amounts of potential discovery we have identified.