Disruptive technology adoption,particularities of clustered firms

ABSTRACT

This article explores to what extent the internal attributes of a clustered firm influence its capacity to adopt disruptive innovations. A multidimensional approach to the absorptive capacity (ACAP) model is used to distinguish between potential (acquisition and assimilation domains) and realized (transformation and exploitation domains) internal firm capabilities. Our evidence comes from an empirical analysis of the population of firms belonging to the Spanish ceramic tile cluster which have adopted a disruptive innovation – the so-called digital printing technology – on a massive scale. The econometric estimations suggest the relevance of the Exploitation dimension of ACAP for early adoption of a new technology. In contrast, the other dimensions do not seem to play a decisive role when it comes to adopting one novelty earlier than others. In conclusion, and contrary to what was expected for non-clustered firms, the results revealed an uneven effect of the potential and realized domains of ACAP of clustered firms regarding the rate of adoption of distant technologies.     

多元知识探寻与后发企业技术创新

当后发企业由追随向引领转型时，将致力于对全球化技术、基础科学等多种知识来源的积极探寻，以推进自身技术创新。基于专利及引文数据，分析海外技术知识与科学知识对后发企业技术创新的影响效应。实证研究发现：海外技术知识转移水平与后发企业创新呈U型关系；知识来源的地理多样性则正向作用于后发企业创新。另外，企业科学关联度对后发企业技术创新未起到显著促进作用。在后发转型背景下，明晰企业对多元知识的技术学习机制和效果，对企业创新追赶及其国际化具有重要指导意义。     

相关与非相关多元化经营抑制了实质性创新吗

以沪深A股上市公司为研究样本，通过手工分类上市公司每年各主营业务收入，按照熵指数法测算出独特的相关和非相关多元化经营程度指数。同时，使用知识宽度法测算发明专利质量，以此作为实质性创新的代理变量，分别实证检验企业相关和非相关多元化经营对实质性创新的影响。结果发现，整体层面上看，相关多元化经营程度加深会对企业发明专利质量起促进效应；非相关多元化经营程度与发明专利质量呈倒U型关系，通过计算发现，大部分企业非相关多元化经营程度处于倒U型关系临界值左侧，即发挥促进发明专利质量的作用；异质性检验发现，相关多元化的促进效应和非相关多元化的倒U型关系分别在国有企业表现得更显著。研究对企业选择合适的相关与非相关多元化经营方向和程度，提升企业实质性创新能力具有重要现实指导价值。     

Blitzscaling: The good,the bad,and the ugly

Today’s disruptive innovations are driving the creation of numerous billion-dollar startups. Venture capitalists focus on these potentially disruptive technology startups and fund them furiously, advancing their speed of growth. The idea is to scale fast and seek huge returns for investors. Terms that define this type of aggressive scaling have recently developed in Silicon Valley. Unicorn is defined as a venture with a value of $1 billion, while a decacorn describes startups with a value of $10 billion. Another recent term is blitzscaling: funding a venture for extremely fast growth and prioritizing speed over efficiency in an environment of uncertainty. While blitzscaling is being used heavily by investors in Silicon Valley, we look at exactly what comprises this new phenomenon and how it is used in practice. We examine the concept, its stages, and its prevalence before reviewing the different examples of how the strategy has been implemented for success (the good), cases of its failure in practice (the bad), and the extreme cases of ethical compromise by ventures (the ugly). From these cases, we draw specific lessons that, if understood and appropriately addressed, would help new ventures effectively implement the strategy.     

The blockchain technology and the scope of its application in hospitality operations

The recently emerged concept of the blockchain technology (BCT) can disrupt the traditional realm of tourism and hospitality operations. While some research has looked into the implications of BCT for tourism management and marketing, no studies have explicitly considered the scope of its application in the context of hospitality operations management. This is arguably a major omission as available evidence points at the foremost potential of BCT to affect the nature of hospitality business. This study partially plugs this knowledge gap and, by reviewing examples of existing applications of BCT in various economic sectors and across different consumption markets, evaluates its potential for future integration into hospitality operations management. The framework of prospective use of BCT in the hospitality industry alongside the related organisational, institutional and technological challenges that need to be overcome for its wider industrial adoption are outlined.     

产业政策的两大思潮及其架桥

激进发展经济学以及演化发展经济学与新结构经济学围绕产业政策的制定依据展开了激烈争论：前者推行技术拉动的产业政策，强调加快技术自主创新；后者主张资本推动的产业政策，强调提升要素禀赋结构。实际上，产业政策争论反映出了两种不同的技术内生观，进而表现为技术进步的两种路径依赖：内部路径依赖与本国研发投入和学习机会等内部特征有关，外部路径依赖则与要素禀赋和经济系统等外部条件有关。同时，考虑到要素的异质性和技术的专用性以及技术对要素相对价格的影响，一国的技术革新应该兼顾两类依赖路径。因此，看似对立的思维和范式之后实质上也存在很强的相通性，周全的产业和科技政策需要契合这两种视角的思维和认识。     

高管团队断裂带对创业企业成长绩效影响的实证研究——创新强度的调节效应

近年来，高管团队断裂带对企业绩效的影响引起了国内外学者的广泛关注，然而高管团队断裂带究竟是促进还是抑制了企业绩效尚无一致结论。基于交叉分类视角，以我国2011—2018年创业板民营上市公司为研究样本，应用广义最小二乘法，实证分析了高管团队断裂带对企业成长绩效的影响，以及企业创新强度对二者关系的调节作用。实证研究结果显示：高管团队任务相关断裂带和社会分类断裂带与民营创业企业成长绩效存在显著的倒U型关系，同时，企业创新强度对高管团队断裂带与民营创业企业成长绩效关系具有显著调节效应。具体而言，企业创新强度越高，高管团队任务相关断裂带和社会分类断裂带与民营创业企业成长绩效间的倒U型关系越显著。     

Customers’ intention to adopt smart lockers in last-mile delivery service: A multi-theory perspective

Many logistics service providers are now adjusting their business service strategies to satisfy consumers' higher demands and expectations. An automated parcel locker for self-pickup is one of the options; however, there is currently no smart locker service available in Thailand. This study integrates resource matching theory, innovation diffusion theory, and theory of planned behavior to clarify Thai consumers' intention to utilize smart lockers. The data for this study were received from 302 participants living in Thailand. Convenience, reliability, privacy security, compatibility, relative advantage, complexity, perceived behavioral control, and attitude were included in the questionnaire to test if they were significant determinants of consumers' intention to use smart lockers. The results reveal that convenience, reliability, privacy security, compatibility, relative advantage, complexity, perceived behavioral control, and attitude influence Thai consumers’ intention to use smart lockers. This study contributes to the literature on combining resource matching theory, innovation diffusion theory, and theory of planned behavior; this enriches theoretical research on self-service technologies in last-mile logistics delivery, and also provides insights for consumer behavioral research.     

Innovation and value creation in the context of aviation: a Systematic Literature Review

Over the last few decades, the aviation industry has produced several innovative solutions that have benefited the air travel industry and many other industrial and service organisations. However, few attempts have been made to map out these innovations and, more importantly, assess how they add value to aviation businesses. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a Systematic Literature Review to analyse themes, content relationships, approaches, and how innovations create value in this sector. We achieve this aim by analysing 57 peer-reviewed academic publications from 1999 to 2018. The thematic and content analysis made it possible to consolidate the findings by developing an overview of the themes and how innovation has supported them. The results identified ten main themes, i.e. airports, services, management, technology, airlines, system, development, market, customers, and processes. Through the content analysis, 114 value-creating innovations were identified, primarily towards ‘efficiency’, ‘convenience, new features and portfolio differentiation’, and ‘sustainable growth and environment'.     

并购能够提高创新性么

根据组织学习理论，具备较强吸收能力的企业能够充分学习与吸收目标公司资源、提高创新效率，同时，企业财务能力显著影响并购后的创新活动。基于上述理论，针对并购行为与创新活动的关系，以2011-2015年163起高新技术产业上市公司并购事件为研究样本，采用倾向得分法进行实证检验。研究发现：并购行为会显著降低并购方随后1年的创新投入，并购完成后第2年的创新效率出现明显下降；知识储备规模越大的并购者，创新投入减少越多，创新效率越高；知识集中度通过作用于知识储备规模与并购效应关系，间接正向影响创新效率。另外，并购者负债水平越高，创新投入减少越多，高负债增长率将导致创新投入增加，两者均会显著降低创新效率。