Modeling resilience of the ATC (Air Traffic Control) sectors

This paper develops a theoretical framework containing the methodology for assessing resilience of the ATC (Air Traffic Control) sectors affected by the impact of a given disruptive event. The resilience is considered as ability of these sectors to retain a certain level of the regular/nominal performance during the impact and fully recover relatively fast afterwards. The actually rear disruptive event is considered to be the large-scale failure of a component of the ATC facilities and equipment supporting safe, efficient, and effective air traffic. Under such conditions, different mitigating contingency measures are generally applied resulting in deteriorating the operational, economic, and environmental performance of the affected sectors while maintaining the required level of safety. This performance is represented by the indicators such as demand, capacity, traffic complexity, the ATC controller workload, aircraft/flight delays and their costs, and additional fuel consumption and related emissions of GHG (Green House Gases). The proposed methodology consists of the generic model of resilience, the analytical models for estimating the indictors of ATC sectors’ performance, and the analytical models of resilience based the indicators as figures-of-merit for assessing resilience. These models are based on the practice-close mitigating contingency measures applied to the ATC sectors affected by a given disruptive event. The possible application of the proposed methodology is also elaborated.     

Singapore Technologies Electronics——Committed to Growth in China

About ST Electronics Headquartered in Singapore,ST Electronics has almost 40 years of experience providing electronics,communications and ICT(information communications technologies)solutions to governments and commercial enterprises worldwide. Our strength lies in our ability to harness leading-edge technologies into products and solutions,     

NO x Emissions and the Use of Advanced Pollution Abatement Techniques in West Germany

This paper concentrates on the integration of pollution abatement techniques for NO x emissions into the environmentally enlarged input-output model PANTA RHEI II for West Germany. The use of available abatement technologies is explained by emission prices, investment and technological factors for different sectors and energy carriers. Simulation runs to the year 2005 show the economic, environmental and technological effects of a tax on NO x emissions, when revenues are recycled via reductions of employers' social security contributions. A cut of emissions by almost one third against the businessas-usual level is reached. In particular, the use of advanced pollution abatement techniques and structural changes prevent negative economic effects on the macro level. Lower real wages even induce higher employment.     

A framework for implementing information and communication technologies in agricultural development in India

Knowledge is an increasingly significant factor of production in modern agriculture. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can accelerate agricultural development by facilitating knowledge management. Based on an evaluation of several ICT initiatives in rural India, a framework to guide policy and implementation of ICTs in Indian agriculture is proposed. In this framework, agricultural development is visualized from two perspectives, a rural incomes and livelihoods perspective at the farm level, and a sustainability perspective at the regional level. The implementation of ICTs is proposed in three unique institutional environments: (i) closed vertical supply chain network for agribusiness enterprises, (ii) an open chain network with dynamically evolving partners and supply chain situations for the public, non-governmental and multilateral organizations, and (iii) a spatial data services network to address natural resources management and sustainability concerns. Each environment is assessed to identify its appropriate business models centered around ICTs, required technologies, scope for up-scaling the models, and required institutional and policy initiatives. In the future, as ICT infrastructure grows and connectivity and hardware costs decline, the critical constraints are likely to be the development of appropriate policy and institutional environments for the creation and delivery of information and knowledge to the end users. Significant policy, institutional networking and capacity building initiatives will be required at various levels to overcome the constraints and effectively integrate ICTs into the agricultural development process in India.     

基于模块化与价值网络的颠覆性创新跃迁路径——吉利汽车案例研究

后发企业在全球模块化生产网络中长期被锁定在价值创造低端环节,颠覆性创新成为打破升级困境、实现跨越式发展的利器。围绕中国情境下吉利汽车20年迅速成长为在位企业的历程,从模块化和价值网络视角,探索吉利成功实现颠覆性创新的内在机理。研究发现,在中国情境下在位者实现颠覆性创新的关键在于价值网络升级,汽车产业模块化成熟环境促进了吉利颠覆性创新的实现。依据吉利产品、成本模式、产品属性排序和技术范式升级变迁轨迹,识别出吉利颠覆性创新跃迁路径的4个阶段,明确了每个阶段升级模式以及各阶段发展的内在逻辑关系,进而构建起完整的吉利颠覆性创新跃迁路径。     

基于破坏性创新的中小企业创新战略研究

长期以来,理论界认为跟随和模仿等维持性创新战略是中小企业的首选。然而,随着信息社会的到来,技术更新速度的日益加快,专利保护制度的不断加强,给上述战略的实施带来巨大困难,出现反复模仿、持续落后的现象。破坏性创新的非竞争性和对产业竞争规则的破坏性特性,为中小企业在激烈的市场竞争中扬长避短,击败行业领头羊提供了一条崭新的思路。根据破坏性创新的特征,结合中小企业自身的特点,分析了中小企业开展破坏性创新的优势及劣势,探讨了中小企业开展破坏性创新的一般模式及路径。     

The response strategies of incumbent mobile network operators on the disruptive potential of public W-LAN in Germany

This paper examines how three incumbent mobile network operators (MNOs) in Germany responded in terms of their strategy to the emergence of the wireless local area network (W-LAN) technology and how they interpreted this potentially disruptive technology in their own strategic context. Additionally, prior empirical results and forecasts on the limited disruptive potential of W-LAN for the German MNOs lacked persuasive firm-level evidence to distinguish the real reason for the presented observations and analysis. So far it was unclear whether the observations were caused by successful response strategies of incumbent MNOs or by the inherent limited disruptive potential of the W-LAN technology. For this purpose case studies of three major MNOs in Germany were performed to assess and compare their respective response strategies. Using the theoretical framework of disruptive technology, the results were evaluated in a cross-case analysis to study how these firms interpreted and reacted to the potential disruptiveness of W-LAN. The results indicate significant differences for the respective MNOs between their perception of W-LAN as a potential disruptive technology, their strategic development processes inside the organisation to understand the potential impact of W-LAN on their respective business model, and to enforce an appropriate response strategy and structural implementation. This incumbent heterogeneity depends primarily on their idiosyncratic strategic and structural context. These findings reveal that the incumbent MNOs in Germany were aware of the disruptive technology concept but did not react in a theory-conform way. However, since W-LAN had a sustaining impact on the MNOs and their response strategies followed sustaining reaction patterns, earlier studies, which show a limited disruptive potential of W-LAN for the German MNOs, are supported.     

硅谷园区转型升级中的社会技术创新研究

基于“社会技术”分层思想,从产业模式、政策法规和社会气质3个层面研究“社会技术”在硅谷科技园由“追赶”向“引领”转型发展中的作用。硅谷园区转型发展中形成了以“风险投资”与“裂变式”企业生成模式为代表的产业模式层面的社会技术创新;以“移民制度改革”与“中小企业促进法”为代表的政策法规层面的社会技术创新;以校园民主运动为典型的自由化社会气质塑造。硅谷是世界第一个也是最成功的科技园区,硅谷转型发展的机制路径对我国具有重要参考价值。     

新技术市场化商业模式设计--基于结构与情景视角

大量实践表明,新技术市场化成功的一个必要条件是设计并执行相匹配的新商业模式。然而,关于商业模式的性质与结构至今仍未达成共识,至于如何为特定的技术创新设计新商业模式的理论更是匮乏。针对上述问题,基于“价值定位-价值创造与保持-价值获取”的商业逻辑和系统设计思想,提出较完整的双层商业模式设计体系,并提出基于情景的多阶段商业模式设计过程,有助于创新者更好理解从技术创新中获利的一系列条件、商业模式的性质与结构,及如何探索新的商业模式,从而提高新技术市场化成功率。     

Privatized espionage: NSO Group Technologies and its Pegasus spyware

Advanced cyber technology like NSO Group Technologies' (NSO) controversial Pegasus spyware blurs distinctions between “good” and “bad.” This case follows the Israeli-based international leader in cyber espionage and developer NSO and one of its co-founders, Shalev Hulio from its creation in 2010 to the present. It includes NSO's acquisition by US-based private equity fund Francisco Partners in 2014. NSO's re-acquisition in 2019 by co-founders Hulio and Omri Lavie with funding support from London-based private equity fund Novalpina Capital. During this time, Pegasus had helped capture Mexican drug baron El Chapo, prevented terrorist attacks and broken up pedophilia, sex, and drug-trafficking rings. But Pegasus also contributed to the murder of Washington Post reporter Jamal Khashoggi as well as other illegal incidents against dissidents, journalist, and governments. As the case suggests, controlling access to such powerful technology that involves accountability, responsibility, and enforceability within a firm and within nations appears illusive.