环境税的短期与长期效应分析

环境税是在“可持续发展”这一理论框架下提出的重要税种,而且在一些西方国家已经实施很多年。目前环境税的开征在我国已经逐步提上日程。借鉴西方国家实施环境税的经验,本文认为,政府在征收环境税的时候,应注重其“大棒”与“胡萝卜”双重效应,分析其短期与长期效应,权衡政府与企业的关系,只有这样才能使环境税的实施达到预期的效果。     

辽宁省社会保障水平的适度性分析

社会保障的适度性主要反映在社会保障的支出水平与经济增长水平之间关系上。通过对辽宁省经济增长过程以及同期社会保障支出状况的比较,考察辽宁省社会保障增长是否适应经济和社会发展的需要,并分析了这种状况的原因及探讨达到二者相互适应的基本路径,从而使社会保障建设更好地为辽宁省经济建设和社会发展服务。     

关于环境科学国际合作影响因素的探讨

2008年英国相继发布了多份关于科学研究效果的评估报告,其中对于环境科学的一个重要结论是：英国一直很重视环境科学领域的国际合作和国际化,把增强其国际影响力作为一个重要目标。鉴于此,本文首次提出应从全球资源配置的角度来看待环境科学的国际合作。在环境科学的内在科学因素和外在非科学因素的驱动下,通过国际合作,促使全球科学资源和社会资源向有利于环境学科自身发展的方向流动和积聚。其中,配置科学资源遵循“要素择优原则”,配置社会资源遵循“最小省力原则”,这两种因素和两个调节手段共同构成了环境科学国际合作的理论机制。希望这些研究结果能对我国制定环境科学国际合作规划提供一些不同视角和看法。     

电子客票透明化对航空客运需求影响及对策研究

电子客票的产生增加了市场信息透明度。首先介绍电子客票的发展历程及其透明化特点,然后分析了价格透明和产品透明对航空客运需求的影响效果,发现价格透明对航空客运需求有抑制作用,而产品透明则有促进作用。最后给出运用收益管理技术的应用设想,以化解价格透明的负面影响。     

Joint Optimization of Product Price, Display Orientation and Shelf-Space Allocation in Retail Category Management

We develop a model that jointly optimizes a retailer's decisions for product prices, display facing areas, display orientations and shelf-space locations in a product category. Unlike the existing shelf-space allocation models that typically consider only the width of display shelves, our model considers both the width and height of each shelf, allowing products to be stacked. Furthermore, as demand is influenced by each product's two-dimensional facing area, we consider multiple product orientations that capture three-dimensional product packaging characteristics. That enables our model to not only treat shelf locations as decision variables, but also retailers’ stacking patterns in terms of product display areas and multiple display orientations. Further, unlike the existing studies which consider a retailer's shelf-space allocation decisions independent of its product pricing decisions, our model allows joint decisions on both and captures cross-product interactions in demand through prices. We show how a branch-and-bound based MINLP algorithm can be used to implement our optimization model in a fast and practical way.     

基于面板数据的中国贸易弹性估计

利用1990-2005年中国与其20个主要贸易国家和地区的面板数据,基于不完全替代理论构建实证模型,运用面板数据单位根和协整技术对中国对外贸易的价格和收入弹性进行估计。结果表明：进出口贸易关于价格都是缺乏弹性的,从收入弹性来看,进口需求的收入弹性小于2,出口的收入弹性接近于5,出口相对于进口有着更大的收入弹性,这是造成在世界金融危机背景下中国贸易形势发生逆转的主要原因。     

土地供给市场化后的出让总收入及预测模型设计

国有土地出让招拍挂制度的实施开启了我国土地供给的市场化,更公平、透明地揭示了土地的市场价值,同时为地方政府带来了一定的城市发展建设资金。然而,现行财税制度却加剧了地方财政对土地出让收入的依赖,由此滋生的种种问题导致土地出让收入成为舆论焦点。本文采用格兰杰因果分析、脉冲检验、自回归滞后分布模型等方法,通过实证研究寻找宏观经济变量与土地出让总收入的相互影响及数量关系,并据此推导建立土地出让收入模型,预测土地出让收入的数量及变化趋势,为各界真正了解土地财政以及政府把握土地供给与经济发展之间的关系提供一个理论途径。     

旅游城市财政收入与GDP关系的实证研究

财政收入和GDP是众多经济指标中的关键指标,研究旅游城市中两者的相互关系并加以利用,有利于旅游城市经济的可持续发展。研究表明,作为全国著名的旅游城市桂林地方财政收入与GDP存在显著的线性关系,财政收入稳定性较高,但地方财政收入占GDP的比重低于广西全区平均水平及区内部分市水平,财源亟待培育。     

Can student effort be manipulated? Does it matter?

This article provides evidence that college students’ effort can be manipulated substantially by making changes in the college testing regime and moreover that student effort is a meaningful input in education production. The evidence comes from a quasi-experiment where a mid-semester test with a pass requirement is introduced to a mandatory one-semester Business School course in Macroeconomics. Four cohorts of students – one before and three after the introduction of the pass requirement – have reported their study effort twice during the semester, and the relationship between achievement and study effort is investigated by using a within-subject within-student across-study periods approach.     

Demand disruption and coordination of supply chain via effort and revenue sharing

This article explores the equilibrium behaviour of a basic supplier–retailer distribution channel under demand disruption via effort and revenue sharing contract. This differs from the traditional supply chain coordination model. Firstly, demand is simultaneously affected by retail price and nonprice marketing effort from manufacturers and retailers. Secondly, when the demand is disrupted, this article considers disruptions in the market scale and price sensitivity coefficient. Thirdly, the supply chain coordination model is proposed via effort and revenue sharing contract. In this way, the manufacturer reduces the wholesale price as an incentive for the retailer to share revenue. Finally, the total supply chain profit is greater with contract than no contract. This also constitutes another incentive for the players to follow the effort and revenue sharing contract.