Environmental Outcomes of Urban Land System Change: Comparing Riparian Design Approaches in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area

In the face of climate change and other environmental challenges, an increasing number of cities are turning to land design to enhance urban sustainability. Land system architecture (LSA)—which examines the role of size, shape, distribution, and connectivity of land units in relation to the system’s social-environmental dynamics—can be a useful perspective for examining how land contributes to the social and environmental aspects of urban sustainability. There are two gaps, however, that prevent LSA from fully contributing to urban sustainability dialogues. First, it is not well understood how urban design goals, as expressed by urban planners and other practitioners, relate to LSA and environmental outcomes. Second, most LSA work focuses on individual environmental outcomes, such as the urban heat island effect, instead of considering the broader suite of outcomes that LSA changes impact. Here, we undertake an integrated assessment of LSA impacts on surface urban heat island (based on land surface temperature), vegetation presence/health (based on NDVI), and bird biota at two riparian sites with different design intentions in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area. The Rio Salado in Tempe underwent a city-led, infill redevelopment that mixed economic, recreational, and flood control design goals. The New River in Peoria experienced a more typical developer-driven urbanization. The contexts and design goals of the sites generated differences in their LSA, but only a few of these differences were sufficiently unique to contribute to divergent environmental outcomes. These differences reside in (1) the greater distribution of recreational land-covers and (2) increased surface water at the Rio Salado site compared to the New River site. Both changes are linked to land-cover patches becoming greener and cooler as well as a greater presence of waterbird and warbler species at the Rio Salado site. The distinctions between the sites provide insight for crafting design goals for redeveloping or restoring urban riparian landscapes in the Phoenix metropolitan area that are grounded in LSA. With the incorporation of additional relevant variables, especially socioeconomic ones, the research approach employed in this study provides a foundation for the assessment of other urban land system change.     

设计质量管理的举措和效益

从质量管理机构设置，质量保证体系的完善，标准宣贯，制度建设，人员配制及培训机制，质量活动形式等方面，详细阐述了江苏设计质量管理的举措，成功经验和收到的成效。     

Designing education for life on earth

Designing, viewed broadly as the human capacity to link thought and action, has meaning and value in the world that transcends its material associations. Given the nature and urgency of current socioeconomic and ecological problems, the creative, generative concept of design must be made more accessible and useful. Accordingly, my intent is to dispel prevailing, narrow, specialist impressions of design and to advance in the public mind a larger concept that can influence deliberations and behavior in society-at-large. One of today's most critical areas of need, and one where I think design can make a particularly significant contribution, is education. A critical task for such design-based education is enabling people to design an ecologically and economically sustainable future.     

农业创业情境下商业模式设计的影响机制研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

农业创业者如何通过整合与管理资源与能力，设计新颖型商业模式创造更多价值，是实现乡村振兴战略的关键措施。文章基于资源编排、商业模式理论，以央视《致富经》栏目40个案例为样本，运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法，剖析资源编排、机会能力、创业学习所构成的前因变量组态对农业创业活动中商业模式设计的影响机制。研究发现，资源编排在农业创业活动中发挥不可或缺的关键作用；相较于资源结构化和资源捆绑，资源利用在新颖型商业模式设计中的作用更为突出；机会能力须与资源编排共同作用，方可实现新颖型商业模式设计；在资源编排作用缺乏时，创业学习的发挥有助于新颖型商业模式设计的形成。研究成果诠释了农业创业情境下资源编排、机会能力与创业学习对商业模式设计的影响机制，为开展农业创业活动提供指导。     

基于模糊理论的产品设计DNA分析法研究

从生物学的DNA概念中得到启示,构建了“设计DNA分析法”的研究框架。基于设计形态学和产品语义学的相关理论和方法以及对现有设计DNA理论成果的研究,引出了设计DNA分析法的概念和分析法的六元分子。运用模糊识别法对分子中的元素进行识别,并基于模糊数学理论,采用模糊综合评判法,对所识别的结果进行验证。     

浅议《机械设计基础》教学体会

根据《机械设计基础》课程的特点,结合近机械类专业教学的实际情况,从提高学生学习兴趣以及提高课堂教学效果的角度出发,介绍了几点教学体会,使课堂教学过程和课程设计环节相结合,提高教师的工程实践素质和科研教研水平等。     

建筑节能设计标准与节能量估算

介绍我国建筑节能标准的建立和主要内容,分析了标准对围护结构、生活方式和设备系统的规定。根据这三方面的标准规定与实际情况的比对,文章解读了标准中节能百分比的概念及其适用条件,并分析如何正确理解建筑节能百分比与实际节能量的关系。文章提出,在使用建筑节能设计标准估算节能量时,需要明确100%基准值的内容,明确节能百分比的成立条件。如果错误使用节能百分比,往往导致对新建或改造建筑的实际节能贡献的估计出现偏差。     

Technological adoption and use after mass market displacement: The case of the LP record

This paper investigates the reasons why some technologies, defying general expectations and the established models of technological change, may not disappear from the market after having been displaced from their once-dominant status. Our point of departure is that the established models of technological change are not suitable to explain this as they predominantly focus on technological dominance, giving attention to the technologies that display highest performance levels and gain greatest market share. And yet, technological landscapes are rife with technological designs that do not fulfil these conditions. Using the LP record as an empirical case, we propose that the central mechanism at play in the continuing market presence of once-dominant technologies is the recasting of their technological features from the functional-utilitarian to the aesthetic realm, with an additional element concerning communal interaction among users. The findings that emerge from our quantitative textual analysis of over 200,000 posts on a prominent online LP-related discussion forum (between 2002 and 2010) also suggest that the post-dominance technology adopters and users appear to share many key characteristics with the earliest adopters of new technologies, rather than with late-stage adopters which precede them.     

压力容器设计中可靠性安全系数法的应用探讨

压力容器的常规设计中,安全系数的确定完全是按经验估计的,具有较大的随意性.通过应用可靠性设计的基本方法,将压力容器的壁厚设计与允许破坏概率(或可靠度)联系起来,并与常规设计结果进行了比较.结果表明,常规设计规范中建议采用的安全系数通常偏大,偏于保守.为此,讨论了一种简便而实用的设计方法,即在常规设计公式中,以可靠性安全系数代替传统的经验安全系数,由此将安全系数的确定建立在容器允许破坏概率(或可靠度)的基础之上,从而使设计的压力容再在保证足够的可靠性前提下,尽量作到经济合理.     

基于V5的用户接入系统ISDN接入模块的设计与实现

介绍Ｖ５接入网用户接入系统的ＩＳＤＮ接入模块硬件和软件设计方案。这个方案具有系统配置灵活的特点。另外，此方案主要采用西门子公司的芯片组。