欧盟粮食政策的发展变化及对我国的启示

从 6 0年代中期到 80年代中期 ,欧盟的粮食自给率从 82 %迅速提高到了 1 1 0 %以上 ,这说明欧盟的粮食政策取得了很大的成功。文章介绍了欧盟粮食政策目标和粮食政策措施的发展变化 ,分析了欧盟粮食政策的操作机制特点 ,并提出了欧盟粮食政策值得我国学习借鉴之处。     

2010年欧盟RASFF通报中国食品接触金属制品安全问题分析

根据2010年度欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统（RASFF）向公众通报进口中国食品及饲料的安全问题的情况,本文针对其中的食品接触金属制品,总结通报国家的分布、产品涉及的风险因素,并分析问题产生的原因,探讨应对的措施,充分发挥风险预警作用,从而减少或避免类似情况发生。     

欧盟国际投资规则的源与流

欧盟在其近年来的国际投资协定谈判中,提出了不少对国际投资规则进行革新的内容。中国为应对将来中欧自由贸易协定谈判,除了分析欧盟国际投资规则本身之外,更应该对欧盟国际投资规则的形成与发展趋势有清晰的把握。欧盟投资规则的形成受到《里斯本条约》的影响,在发展过程中欧盟法院又起到了至关重要的作用。同时,欧盟的国际投资规则发展面临着一致性问题的影响。欧盟如何协调内部投资规则的冲突,如何协调欧盟与欧盟成员在外部的国际投资仲裁中的主体地位等问题都将影响着欧盟国际投资规则的发展,更影响着中国应对中欧双边贸易投资规则的谈判策略。     

Low carbon transport strategy in Europe: A critical review

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this article are to depict ongoing trends regarding the transport system in Europe, to introduce readers to the challenges that Europe (and the rest of the world) will face in the future, to show which strategies Europe plans to deploy to mitigate the negative impacts the transport system imposes on the overall system, and finally to discuss the potential of these suggested strategies to contribute to the objectives of the European Union in the long run.     

Empowerment and resident support for tourism in rural Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the case of Pomerania,Poland

Despite empowerment being a crucial component of sustainable tourism, few scholars have quantitatively operationalized empowerment and looked at how it applies to rural societies within the post-communist European Union (EU) member states. Knowing the high priority of sustainable rural development goals within the EU, empowering residents within these post-communist societies has become a pertinent issue especially where those societies appear more reluctant to engaging in democratic ways of decision-making. In response to this gap, this study tests the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale, and then evaluates how empowerment predicts residents’ support for tourism within the municipality of Choczewo, Pomerania, Poland. Using a theoretical perspective that blends Social Exchange Theory with Weber's Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality, these non-economic empowerment dimensions are coupled with a measure of resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism to see if rural residents in Choczewo, Poland, are more swayed by the economic or non-economic benefits of tourism. Results show that residents within this Central and Eastern Europe setting are more influenced by the pride and self-esteem boost associated with psychological empowerment and the perceptions of increased community cohesion (i.e. social empowerment) than the economic promises of tourism.     

EU Policies on Bioenergy and their Potential Clash with the WTO

The paper outlines EU policy on bioenergy, including biofuels, in the context of its policy initiatives to promote renewable energy to combat greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The EU’s Member States are responsible for implementing EU policy: thus, the UK’s Renewables Obligation on electricity suppliers and its Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and road‐fuel tax rebates are examined. It is unlikely that EU policy is in conflict with the WTO Agreement on Agriculture or that on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, but its provisions on environmental sustainability criteria could be problematic.     

Migrant networks, language learning and tourism employment

This paper examines the relationship between migrants’ social networks, the processes of language acquisition and tourism employment. Data collected using netnography and interviews are used to identify the strategies that Polish workers in the UK use to develop their language skills. The paper highlights the roles played by co-workers, co-nationals and customers in migrants’ language learning, both in the physical spaces of work and the virtual spaces of internet forums. It also shows how migrant workers exchange knowledge about the use of English during different stages of their migration careers: prior to leaving their country of origin and getting a job, during their employment and after leaving their job. Implications for academic inquiry and human resource management practice are outlined.     

欧盟竞争法豁免制度及对我国的启示

竞争法豁免制度可以平衡竞争政策与经济政策、社会政策之间的冲突,有助于实现竞争法的多重价值目标。以基础性条约、欧盟理事会的条例、欧洲委员会的通知、指导建议及欧洲法院判例为渊源,以个案豁免和类别豁免为内容,欧盟的竞争法已建立起完备的豁免制度。我国反垄断法豁免制度的构建既要借鉴"他山之石"又要立足于"本土资源"。在制度设计上至少应思考并解决三个问题:豁免制度具体应包含哪些类型的豁免?豁免制度的适用采用审查确认制度还是直接适用制度?豁免制度立法采具体列举式还是原则概括式?     

欧洲能源交易所介绍

欧洲能源交易所（EEX）是全球仅次于欧洲气候交易所（ECX）的碳交易平台,其在电力市场、天然气市场和碳排放权交易市场均享有较高声誉。本文介绍了欧洲能源交易所在欧盟碳市场中的作用、交易产品、市场监察、结算服务等,以为我国碳交易所和碳市场的发展提供经验支持和智力支撑。     

A Retrospective View on Designation of Origin Labeled Foods in Europe

In the emergence of ethically conscious consumer segments across Europe, the expectation was that foods with a designation of origin–label (DOL) would make a production system of similar logic. Past analysis of the registration history of DOLs showed that the take-up of this European Union (EU) food quality scheme was concentrated in the south, which was attributed to specific food supply-and-demand conditions prevalent in that part of Europe. The authors shed light on DOL product distribution and examine its evolution during a 14-year period (2001–2014). DOLs remain a quality differentiation scheme predominantly for the southern EU agrifood industry. However, the less restrictive requirements for protected geographical indication certification make it a much more popular DOL in northern EU. To promote its food quality policy, the EU must approach the two DOL types differently, as they have a different growth potential among EU countries. DOLs’ specialization in categories with expertise accumulated in specific EU areas can become a DOL promoter across all of Europe.