Land rents as a criterion for regionalization—The case of wheat growing in Croatia

The paper explores and tests one of the contemporary principles of economic regionalization of agriculture by using differential land rents in wheat production as a model. The analysis is based upon the assumption that differential rents could serve as a valid principle for regional planning, particularly differential rent I. On the basis of the food self-sufficiency principle declared by the Rome Declaration on World Food Security, the model assesses the economic justification of the Croatian wheat incentives system in relation to wheat production potentials in the counties, starting from those with high potential (the most favourable agroecological conditions for wheat production) towards the counties with low potential, to the level of self-sufficiency as a long-term Croatian strategic vision.The model shows that Croatia can meet its requirements for industrial wheat processing at the level of cumulative farmland areas of three counties, while total consumption can be covered by production of eight counties. This model compromises the fundamental principle of regional economics of wheat production, because up to 2003 incentives were given for 78,000 ha more than what was economically justified for wheat production intended for industrial processing, i.e. for 19,000 ha for total wheat demand. But, wheat production is practised all over Croatia—in all agricultural regions because of tradition on the one side and crop rotation requirements on the other side. This conclusion points to an uneconomic allocation of budget funds for wheat incentives to the counties, whose output results do not justify the incentives. The current subsidy model stimulates production by applying the criterion of a minimum three-hectare area required for wheat incentives. Consequently, a part of wheat production is excluded from the incentive system in the counties with high potential farmland, i.e. in the counties collecting a differential land rent for wheat production, which is uneconomical in terms of macroeconomics.Even though the model featured in this paper exemplifies wheat production in this particular situation, it can be easily used to evaluate the efficiency of incentives for all the crops included in the incentive system, while applying the standards of economics and agricultural regionalization. It can also be used to determine subsequent, more economical distribution of production incentives by channelling uneconomically allocated budget funds into implementation of other agricultural policies and measures.     

中国-东盟区域货币合作与人民币区域化研究

本文通过对中国-东盟区域货币合作的收益、成本以及在中国-东盟区域货币合作中推进人民币区域化的可行性分析,提出了中国-东盟区域货币合作势在必行的观点,并阐述了在加强中国-东盟区域货币合作中推进人民币区域化的策略。     

The first steps towards harmonizing public sector accounting for European Union member states: strategies and perspectives

This paper analyses the process that led the European Commission to the decision to develop European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS) for harmonizing public sector accounting practices within the European Union. The paper finds that there was limited scope in terms of stakeholder participation in the public consultation that served as a basis for the decision. In addition, the decision to adopt EPSAS for EU member states raises questions on the relationship between regional and global governance in the area of public sector accounting.     

冬牧70在宁夏灌区复种的适宜种植区划

宁夏为一年一熟制地区,为提高冬闲田的复种指数,合理利用光热资源,发挥其生态效益和经济效益,需做好冬牧70的推广。为此,需搞清楚什么茬口种,什么地方适合种?为回答这两个问题,文章利用14个气象观测站1981~2010年的气象观测数据,首先,根据文献反查和大田试验数据反推气候适宜性区划指标,再结合坡度、海拔和土地利用类型等信息,构建冬牧70总的适宜种植区划指标,然后利用ArcGIS平台,获得不同复种模式下冬牧70的适宜种植区划结果。根据区划结果可知:玉米—冬牧70—插秧稻复种模式最适宜推广,大部分地区可保障齐穗期收割的需求。其次是水稻—冬牧70—插秧稻复种模式,大部分地区可保障抽穗期收割的需求。而玉米—冬牧70—玉米或旱直播稻复种模式仅能保障孕穗期收割,水稻-冬牧70—玉米或旱直播稻复种模式仅能保障拔节期至孕穗期收割。通过该文的研究为指导冬牧70在宁夏灌区的大范围推广提供了技术支撑,也为其他复种作物的大面积推广提供了参考。     

基于主体功能区的西藏生态旅游区划

西藏作为世界生态旅游目的地之一,拥有高原特色的自然生态旅游资源和人文生态旅游资源。大香格里拉生态旅游区的建设,使得生态旅游业已成为推动西藏跨越式发展的支柱产业之一。不同的生态旅游目的地,在生态旅游资源禀赋和生态旅游开展的环境在空间分布上具有一定的差异性。为了更客观地反映这种差异性,采取自上而下的方法,根据西藏生态功能区划和主体功能区划的方案,兼顾行政区划与生态系统协调性原则、遵循资源同质性原则、生态功能区划原则和注重生态文化性原则,对西藏的生态旅游资源进行了梳理和分类,采用四级区划分类单位系统,将西藏生态旅游目的地划分为3个生态旅游大区,即藏东南生态旅游大区、藏西北生态旅游大区、藏中南生态旅游大区;7个生态旅游区,即怒江源高原亚寒带半湿润高寒草甸生态旅游区、拉萨河流域文化生态旅游区、羌塘高原亚寒带半干旱草原生态区、阿里高原温带干旱荒漠生态区、藏东南山地热带雨林、季雨林生态旅游区、藏东高山深谷温带半湿润常绿阔叶林—暗针叶林生态旅游区、藏南山原宽谷温带半干旱灌丛草甸生态旅游区21个生态旅游地,若干生态旅游景区,并对各个生态旅游区进行了概述,为提升西藏生态旅游旅游发展和管理水平,促进生态旅游与文化、生态融合发展,实现西藏世界生态旅游目的地建设目标和生态旅游的可持续发展奠定基础。     

层次聚类分析法在连州市土地利用分区中的应用

以广东省连州市为研究对象,结合当地实际建立土地利用规划分区指标体系,并利用SPSS11.5统计分析软件,选用层次聚类分析法对广东省连州市土地利用分区进行定量分析,同时结合连州市各乡镇的实际情况对分区方案作对比分析与定性分析,最终确定土地利用分区结果,同时表明层次聚类分析法在土地利用分区中是可行的.     

福建省尤溪县金柑冻害风险分析与区划

[目的]为了趋利避害、合理利用闽中地区气候资源,减轻低温冻害对尤溪县金柑生产造成的危害,开展了金柑冻害的气候风险分析与区划。[方法]应用1957~2013年尤溪县气象站及2009~2013年乡镇自动气象站资料等,结合金柑生物学特性和农业生产实践,建立金柑冻害气候风险评估模式;采用概率移植方法,使乡镇自动气象站资料订正延长成为长序列资料,应用GIS对福建省尤溪县金柑低温冻害气候风险进行分析与区划。[结果]该县金柑越冬期树体冻害气候风险分布可划分为尤溪河两岸等低海拔地区所处的安全区、县内中海拔大部分乡镇所处的轻度冻害风险区以及高海拔地区所处的中度冻害风险区。中低海拔大部分地区金柑树体冻害风险指数低于0.2,中度冻害发生机率不到10%,可以安全越冬。[结论]该县海拔400~700m地区是金柑种植气候适宜区,金柑采果期冻害气候风险指数达到0.3~0.5,需在低温寒害到来之前及早采收,若要留树保鲜,则需采取塑料薄膜覆盖等防冻措施;海拔高度750m以上建设金柑果园,应避开北坡,尽量选择南坡和西南坡(背风坡),利用山体的屏障作用,减轻冻害;在850m以上种植金柑,其采果期受冻害风险大,经济效益差,一般不宜种植。     

伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀综合分区

[目的]综合分区是差别化进行土壤侵蚀防治与管理的基础,对控制水土流失、修复生态环境和支撑社会经济发展具有重要作用。[方法]文章基于伊犁河谷的气象、NDVI、DEM、土地利用、土壤质地及其有机质等数据,利用水力侵蚀模型、风力侵蚀模型和冻融侵蚀分级方法评估其土壤侵蚀特征,并根据相似性、综合性、空间连续、主导因子和综合因素相结合等相关原则进行综合分区。[结果](1)伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀中,水力侵蚀面积占研究区的83.42%,水力侵蚀在各县(市)均有分布;冻融侵蚀面积比重为16.1%,集中分布于南部、中部和北部天山山区;风力侵蚀面积最小,集中分布在图开沙漠周围。(2)通过地貌类型、侵蚀类型及强度、主要侵蚀限制因子和水土保持措施方向等指标,将伊犁河谷划分为6个一级区和14个二级区。一级区包括北部天山山区、伊犁河丘陵区、伊犁河谷地、中部天山山区、昭苏—特克斯盆地和南部天山山区。[结论]针对各分区水土流失特点,该文探讨了其土壤侵蚀治理方案,冻融侵蚀重点治理区以工程措施和植被恢复为主,水力侵蚀重点治理区主要进行人工经济林与草地种植;土壤侵蚀预防保护区重点采取封育措施对天然植被进行保护,以期为伊犁水土保持提供科学指导。     

The internationalization of the RMB: a perspective vis a vis East Asian economic and financial integration

The People’s Republic of China has achieved remarkable progress in the internationalization of the RMB by introducing a number of concrete measures to boost the RMB’s status on the world stage since 2009. The ongoing RMB internationalization is being promoted under the background of deepening economic and financial integration in East Asia. In this article, we attempt to analyse RMB internationalization from the perspective of East Asian regional integration. We hypothesize that East Asian regional integration lays a broad foundation for China to push RMB internationalization forward. An internationalized RMB, we argue, will play more important roles in the process of East Asian regionalization. Thus, RMB regionalization could be an important and necessary step of internationalization. The Chinese authorities should not only push the RMB toward internationalization under China’s framework of domestic financial system reform, but they should also integrate RMB internationalization into the process of East Asian economic and financial integration. Therefore, a win–win strategy of RMB internationalization for both China and East Asian countries is needed.     

西北地区退耕还林还草与生态经济农业发展战略研究

西北地区是我国生态环境脆弱、经济落后的地区,是我国实施退耕还林还草重点区域,如何在退耕还林还草后实现区域经济的可持续发展,是西北地区长期的战略问题。借助退耕还草发展草畜产业,走草地生态经济农业发展模式是西北地区农业可持续发展的战略选择。