Geographical indication regulation and intra‐trade in the European Union

Protection of indications of geographical origin (GIs) can reduce information asymmetry between producers and consumers, and potentially enhance trade. However, GIs can also possibly divert trade. We rely on panel data about agri‐food trade among the 27 countries of the European Union to investigate these issues using variations of estimators proposed by Head and Mayer ( 2000 ) and Santos Silva and Tenreyro ( 2006 ). Our findings suggest that the protection of GIs creates trade when the importing and exporting countries have GI‐protected products. There is also empirical evidence regarding a trade‐diverting effect when the importing country does not have GIs and a border enlargement effect arising from European GI‐protection.     

基于指标体系的我国环保产业区域发展比较研究

本文以2010~2012年中国统计年鉴中的环保指标和数据为基础,并归纳总结我国环保产业相关文献的指标数据,从环保产业区域发展不平衡的角度,研究了我国各区域环保产业的现状和问题,分析评价各个区域生态环境的特点,并结合国外产业发展历史经验,提出我国区域差异的环保产业发展对策,对我国生态文明建设具有重要意义。     

开化县生态公益林建设现状与发展对策分析

基于浙江省集体林区开化县林业局访谈资料,在分析和评价其生态公益林建设现状的基础上,得出其存在森林资源利用不足,林下经济单一,管护体系不健全、公益林调整困难等问题。从主导措施和配套措施角度提出加快生态性城镇建设,利用RS和GIS技术区划边界、健全保障制度、探索发展林下经济等保护和经营管理对策。     

Targets,indicators and milestones

Area-based initiatives are a major feature of the new public policy agenda of the Labour government in the UK. They are aimed at key policy goals of combating social exclusion and improving the operation of public services, through the encouragement of partnership and participation. However, the delivery of programmes has been heavily influenced by performance management and the use of targets, indicators and milestones to monitor activity. This is creating contradictory pressures on the managers and practitioners within programmes. These issues are discussed and their impact in one area-based activity (the Health Action Zones) is explored.     

MEASURING VARIATIONS IN LIFETIME WELFARE EX ANTE AND EX POST: SOME EXPLORATORY CALCULATIONS

Whereas longevity‐adjusted consumption measures have become increasingly used as indicators of lifetime standards of living, it remained unnoticed that those measures, by relying on period – rather than cohort – life tables, constitute indicators of expected – rather than actual – lifetime standards of living. In order to estimate the actual gap between ex ante and ex post measures of lifetime welfare, this paper computes, for 19th‐century European economies, longevity‐adjusted consumption measures based on period and cohort life tables. It is shown that the gap between ex ante and ex post measures is statistically significant, and that attempts to reduce it are likely to be unsuccessful, because standards of living tend to exhibit, over temporal horizons as long as a human life, structural breaks, which make the ex ante measurement of lifetime welfare highly speculative.     

浅谈财务分析指标在中小企业中的运用

在竞争日益激烈的市场经济中,经济活动追求实现经济利润最大化的目标。多年来,企业财务分析指标体系作为企业信息分析的重要资源,为企业决策者提供财务分析数据资料,做出科学的决策,把握正确的企业发展方向,实现经济效益最大化的目标,发挥了支撑和保障作用。因此,充实和完善适应现代经济发展需求的中小企业财务分析指标体系就显现出紧迫性和必要性。     

关于两岸合作建设台湾海峡(闽台)生态经济实验区的设想

本文提出两岸合作建设台湾海峡(闽台)生态经济实验区的设想。福建和台湾两地的经济面临被边缘化的风险,而且迄今无合适的对策。生态经济的理念日益深入人心,全国国土整治即将展开,生态经济实验区的设想因而是现实的。福建生态环境较好,有可能在生态经济建设中走在全国前列。台湾和福建地理特征相近,生态压力更大,双方合作有可行性,并可能为两岸的统一奠定基础。     

An evaluation framework for land readjustment practices

Land readjustment (LR) is an important technique used in a variety of countries to realize the development plans by converting rural land into urban land and providing city infrastructure. Although the main aim and the processes are similar around the world, each country has a different degree of success in the application of LR, which reveals the need for a comprehensive evaluation. However, the research to date has generally tended to focus on describing the main concepts such as the usage, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the existing implementations rather than evaluating LR. A systematic approach, which provides an objective basis and removes subjectivity by identifying good practices and their indicators, is needed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the LR process. In this article, we analyzed a wide range of ISI journal articles on LR to establish a framework and a methodology that will help evaluate and compare the national LR processes. The main contribution of this article is to build an awareness for the establishment of an internationally agreed methodology to evaluate the performance of a country's LR in a systematical way, which is currently not available in the literature.     

Measurement scale for eco-component of hotel service quality

Growing acknowledgement of the need to achieve more sustainable forms of development has resulted in environmentally conscious tourists who have indicated a dissatisfaction with existing hotel service quality. The objective of this study was to investigate tourists’ ecological expectations referring to the quality of spas and wellness hotel services in order to develop and test a scale for measuring the ‘eco-component,’ a new component of hotel service quality. The findings revealed four dimensions of the eco-component: hotel staff's eco-behaviour; environmentally friendly and healthy equipment; efficient use of energy and water; and bio-food. Tourists also demonstrated a hierarchy of eco-dimensions, with the most important being hotel staff's eco-behaviour and the least important being bio-food. Tourists’ expectations about the level of eco-dimensions differ significantly with respect to their income, nationality, and the hotel certification. However, no significant difference emerged in their expectations due to different educational levels.