美日两国产业结构政策比较

日本产业从战后的废墟中得以重建和繁荣,并以惊人的速度赶超欧美,成为世界第二大经济强国,日本政府英明的产业结构政策功不可没。然而面对20世纪90年代日本经济的极度萧条,政府的产业结构政策已无回天之力。相比之下,美国政府通用的产业结构政策却引导美国的产业发展在信息时代仍然处于不败之地,这不能不引起我们的思考。     

A Sports Consumption Comparative Study on Urban Residents between Chongqing and Some Cities in Advanced Eastern and Western Regions

This paper compares and analyzes the EE consumption structure of urban residents in Chongqing and other cities in Eastern and Western areas （Such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Zhejiang, Chengdu, Xi＇an, Guizhou）. The research shows the level of P.E consumption is in the lower-middle position, and its structure is not reasonable. This paper also explores the factors that restrict P.E consumption of urban residents in Chongqing city and puts up some feasible suggestions on improving P.E consumption structure and increasing P.E consumption level.     

Currency Crises and the Term Structure of Interest Rates

The currency crisis literature has identified two possible types of crisis: fundamentals based crises and self-fulfilling crises. A fundamentals based crisis arises when some state variable, such as foreign exchange reserves, reaches a critical level and triggers the abandonment of the fixed rate. A self-fulfilling crisis is triggered by an autonomous change in the beliefs of speculators. This paper demonstrates how these two types of crises generate different behaviour in the term structure in the period before the crisis. JEL Classification Numbers: E43, F31     

Technical Inefficiency and Production Risk in Rice Farming: Evidence from Central Luzon Philippines*

There have been many previous studies of technical inefficiency in rice production in the Philippines, but none has focused simultaneously on production risk and technical inefficiency at the farm level. Rice production is inherently risky because of the heterogeneous production environment. In this study, we analyze technical inefficiency in a rainfed lowland rice environment in Central Luzon using a stochastic frontier production function with a heteroskedastic error structure. An 8‐year panel dataset collected from 46 rainfed rice farmers was used to estimate flexible functional specifications. Over the whole period, the average technical efficiency was found to be 79 percent. Results indicate that there is a high degree of variability in technical efficiency estimates, which can be attributed to the instability of farming conditions in the rainfed lowland environment. Mean output was signifificantly influenced by area planted to rice, labor and the amount of fertilizer used. Consequently, these inputs were found to be risk‐increasing, whereas herbicide was found to be a risk‐reducing input.     

黑龙江省工业结构与比较优势的演变

经过二十多年的改革开放,东北地区的经济情况发生了很大的变化,尤其是经济结构方面.从1993年到2002年黑龙江省工业结构的演变中可以发现:资源密集型产业竞争优势有所加强;劳动密集型产业竞争优势有所下降;资本密集型和技术密集型产业总体不具备竞争优势.为此,应制定适合省情的资源型产业发展战略;整合产业结构,发挥区域优势,扶持重点产业;加强与扶持制造业的发展;加强与辽宁、吉林的合作,搞好分工协作.     

Foreign investment,corporate governance and performance in the Chinese listed A Share companies

We present a novel lens on the presence and impact of qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII) in top shareholdings of the non-financial domestically listed Chinese ‘A’ share firms. The initial results suggest that the presence of a QFII as a top shareholder in these companies is associated with their better performance, using both Tobin’s Q and ROA as the performance measures. Our models include variables representing corporate governance mechanisms, foreign legal person shares, a proxy for international affiliations and a number of time-variant firm characteristics. Economically, the coefficient of impact on the market measure is the more significant, while the effect of having a QFII in top shareholdings on both performance measures is empirically significant. Previously, studies have often ignored the potential for reverse causality beyond using lagged regressors. This is problematic. Therefore, we follow up with a 2SLS instrumental variables and system GMM model to further mitigate this potential and find the empirical relationship holds. Contrary to earlier work on QFIIs and governance post-implementation of the QFII scheme, the findings from our models suggest that the presence of a QFII top shareholder augments market performance holding equal existing corporate governance mechanisms and other controls.     

消费结构升级与技术进步

文章将技术进步分解为技术效率与技术创新,并沿着成果转化、自主创新和技术模仿等路径,探讨了消费结构升级对技术进步的影响及条件。文章认为,消费结构升级引导着资源的配置方向;沿着不同的路径,消费结构升级带来了不同形式的技术进步。一方面,消费结构升级可促进科技成果转化,在生产前沿不变的条件下提高技术效率。当发明专利得到更好的保护时,生产者推动成果转化的积极性会提高,这时,可用的科技成果越多,消费结构升级越能推动技术效率提升。另一方面,消费结构升级还能推动企业突破现有的生产前沿,实现技术创新。由于小企业运营更灵活、竞争压力更大,在企业平均规模较小的市场结构中,消费结构升级更能推动技术创新;而政府主导的研发往往缺乏行业需求等信息,可能与消费者的实际需求脱节,因此,政府主导的研发投入越多,消费结构升级越难拉动技术创新。不仅如此,在开放条件下,企业还可以通过模仿去满足消费结构升级带来的新需求,进口越多,模仿的空间越大,这种模仿会提升技术效率,但可能会不利于技术创新。基于1999-2015年的省级面板数据,文章对上述假说进行了检验,结果表明上述论断成立。     

中国技术创新与产业结构升级的耦合协调关系研究——基于1995-2015年时序数据的测度分析

技术创新能力是促进产业结构调整升级的强大动力,两者之间存在着相互联系、相互促进的良性互动关系。在精心构建技术创新能力与产业结构优化升级评价指标体系的基础上,综合运用熵值法和耦合协调度模型,基于1995-2015年的时序数据,对两者之间的耦合协调关系进行了较深入的实证分析和讨论。分析结果表明,1995-2015年间,特别是进入新世纪以来,中国技术创新能力与产业结构优化升级的综合评价指数以及两者间的耦合协调度总体上均呈现出稳步上升趋势,其中耦合协调度从1995年的0.323增加到2015年的0.643,从严重失调逐步演进到初级协调状态,但其整体耦合协调水平仍然偏低。为更好地促进两者间的协调发展,提出了若干对策建议。     

环境规制对产业结构的作用机理研究

利用1998年-2014年全国各省的面板数据,通过理论分析与联立方程模型的构建,实证研究了环境规制对产业结构调整的作用机理。研究发现:环境规制对产业结构的调整存在倒逼机制和空间异质性,即提高环境规制强度能够促进产业结构的调整,中部效应最明显,东部次之,西部效应不明显。因此,从全国的角度来讲,国家应采取科学合理的环境经济手段,适当提高环境规制程度,发挥其对产业结构调整的促进作用;从区域的角度来讲,地方政府应根据本区域的环境状况和经济发展状况,制定相应的环境规制政策,发挥其最大效用,增加社会福利。     

昆明翠湖休闲区景观结构研究

翠湖作为云南省昆明城市中心的休闲区,其所在区域的景观结构对于昆明城市景观的规划建设起着举足轻重的作用。如何对其进行有效的保护和规划,并发挥出翠湖及其周边环境的效用,是有待深入研究的一个课题。本文在实地调查和深入访谈的基础上,运用景观生态学的基本理论,对昆明翠湖休闲区的景观结构进行统计分析研究并提出相应管理建议。研究结果表明:①昆明翠湖休闲区的景观结构划分为一"核"、两个廊道和九个斑块;②昆明翠湖休闲区的两个廊道和九个斑块是内"核"效应的扩散和延伸。